Kowalski Robin M, Toth Allison, Morgan Megan
a Clemson University.
b UNC-Charlotte.
J Soc Psychol. 2018;158(1):64-81. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1302402. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
Two studies generated profiles of cyberbullying/cyberincivility and traditional bullying/incivility in adults, particularly within the workplace. In Study 1, 20% of 3,699 participants had the majority of cyberbullying victimization and 7.5% had the majority of traditional bullying victimization occur in adulthood, with 30% saying they were bullied at work. Relationships between bullying and negative outcomes were found. Because of the clear evidence of bullying and cyberbullying in the workplace in Study 1, Study 2 addressed the relationship of these constructs to workplace incivility. Workplace face-to-face incivility and bullying were related among 321 participants, as were workplace cyberbullying and cyberincivility. Face-to-face incivility was more common than online incivility, face-to-face bullying, or online bullying, yet all four behaviors were associated with negative outcomes. Differences in intentionality, acceptability, and severity were observed, with workplace face-to-face bullying perceived as the most severe and having the greatest intentionality to harm. These results emphasize the importance of studying bullying among adults, and highlight the conceptual independence of bullying and incivility. Correlates of workplace aggression are discussed using job demands-resources theory.
两项研究生成了成年人网络欺凌/网络不文明行为以及传统欺凌/不文明行为的概况，尤其是在工作场所内。在研究1中，3699名参与者中有20%的人主要遭受网络欺凌，7.5%的人主要在成年后遭受传统欺凌，30%的人表示他们在工作中受到欺凌。研究发现了欺凌与负面结果之间的关系。由于研究1中明确证明了工作场所存在欺凌和网络欺凌现象，研究2探讨了这些行为与工作场所不文明行为之间的关系。在321名参与者中，工作场所的面对面不文明行为与欺凌有关，工作场所的网络欺凌与网络不文明行为也有关。面对面不文明行为比网络不文明行为、面对面欺凌或网络欺凌更为常见，但所有这四种行为都与负面结果相关。研究观察到了在意图、可接受性和严重程度方面的差异，工作场所的面对面欺凌被认为是最严重的，且伤害意图最大。这些结果强调了研究成年人欺凌行为的重要性，并突出了欺凌和不文明行为在概念上的独立性。本文运用工作需求-资源理论对工作场所攻击行为的相关因素进行了讨论。
