Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 12;12(4):e0175133. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175133. eCollection 2017.
Obesity is a complex multifactorial phenotype that influences several metabolic pathways. Yet, few studies have examined the relations of different body fat compartments to urinary and serum metabolites. Anthropometric phenotypes (visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the ratio between VAT and SAT (VSR), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and urinary and serum metabolite concentrations measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured in a population-based sample of 228 healthy adults. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models, corrected for multiple testing using the false discovery rate, were used to associate anthropometric phenotypes with metabolites. We adjusted for potential confounding variables: age, sex, smoking, physical activity, menopausal status, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary glucose, and fasting status. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model dichotomized for the absence or presence of quantifiable metabolite amounts, VAT, BMI and WC were inversely related to urinary choline (ß = -0.18, p = 2.73*10-3), glycolic acid (ß = -0.20, 0.02), and guanidinoacetic acid (ß = -0.12, p = 0.04), and positively related to ethanolamine (ß = 0.18, p = 0.02) and dimethylamine (ß = 0.32, p = 0.02). BMI and WC were additionally inversely related to urinary glutamine and lactic acid. Moreover, WC was inversely associated with the detection of serine. VAT, but none of the other anthropometric parameters, was related to serum essential amino acids, such as valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine among men. Compared to other adiposity measures, VAT demonstrated the strongest and most significant relations to urinary and serum metabolites. The distinct relations of VAT, SAT, VSR, BMI, and WC to metabolites emphasize the importance of accurately differentiating between body fat compartments when evaluating the potential role of metabolic regulation in the development of obesity-related diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
肥胖是一种复杂的多因素表型，影响多种代谢途径。然而，很少有研究探讨不同身体脂肪部位与尿液和血清代谢物的关系。在一项基于人群的 228 名健康成年人样本中，测量了人体测量表型（内脏脂肪组织 (VAT)、皮下脂肪组织 (SAT)、VAT 与 SAT 之比 (VSR)、体重指数 (BMI)、腰围 (WC)）和通过核磁共振光谱测量的尿液和血清代谢物浓度。使用多变量线性和逻辑回归模型，并使用错误发现率校正多重测试，将人体测量表型与代谢物相关联。我们调整了潜在的混杂变量：年龄、性别、吸烟、体力活动、绝经状态、估计肾小球滤过率 (eGFR)、尿糖和空腹状态。在一个完全调整的逻辑回归模型中，根据可量化代谢物数量的有无进行二分，VAT、BMI 和 WC 与尿液胆碱（β=-0.18，p=2.73*10-3）、乙醇酸（β=-0.20，0.02）和胍基乙酸（β=-0.12，p=0.04）呈负相关，与乙醇胺（β=0.18，p=0.02）和二甲胺（β=0.32，p=0.02）呈正相关。BMI 和 WC 还与尿液谷氨酰胺和乳酸呈负相关。此外，WC 与丝氨酸的检测呈负相关。VAT，但不是其他人体测量参数，与男性血清必需氨基酸（如缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸）相关。与其他肥胖测量指标相比，VAT 与尿液和血清代谢物的关系最强且最显著。VAT、SAT、VSR、BMI 和 WC 与代谢物的不同关系强调了在评估代谢调节在肥胖相关疾病（如胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病）发展中的潜在作用时，准确区分身体脂肪部位的重要性。
