Bajbouj M, Alabdullah J, Ahmad S, Schidem S, Zellmann H, Schneider F, Heuser I
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland.
Jiyan Foundation for Human Rights, Turmstr. 21, 10559, Berlin, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2018 Jan;89(1):1-7. doi: 10.1007/s00115-017-0326-y.
Approximately 1.2 million refugees have arrived in Germany since autumn 2014. They are often appraised as being a challenge for the German healthcare system because the acute need for healthcare support was large and appeared suddenly while at the same time resources were limited. This situation was previously unknown for a western European healthcare system, whereas it constitutes a typical challenge for nongovernmental organizations that are active in the field of emergency relief and development aid and that have developed a large number of successful intervention concepts. Of central importance in this context are the basic principles of equal rights, participation of those affected, the principle of nonmaleficence, the resource orientation instead of a deficit orientation as well as the need for integrated and stepped care models. These can serve as general principles not only in the setting of development aid in crisis areas worldwide but also in the health services provided to refugees in the current situation in Germany.
自2014年秋季以来，约有120万难民抵达德国。他们常被视为德国医疗体系面临的一项挑战，因为对医疗支持的迫切需求规模巨大且突然出现，而与此同时资源却很有限。这种情况对于西欧医疗体系而言前所未见，而对于活跃于紧急救援和发展援助领域并已形成大量成功干预理念的非政府组织来说，则构成了一项典型挑战。在此背景下，核心要点是平等权利、受影响者参与、不伤害原则、资源导向而非赤字导向以及综合和分级护理模式的必要性等基本原则。这些原则不仅可作为全球危机地区发展援助工作的一般原则，也适用于德国当前形势下为难民提供的医疗服务。
