Silent Spring Institute , 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, Massachusetts 02460, United States.
University of New Hampshire , Rudman Hall, 46 College Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 May 2;51(9):4860-4869. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00429. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
Furniture flammability standards are typically met with chemical flame retardants (FRs). FRs can migrate out of products into dust and are linked to cancer, neurological impairment, and endocrine disruption. We collected 95 dust samples from dormitory common areas and student rooms on two U.S. college campuses adhering to two different furniture flammability standards: Technical Bulletin 117 (TB117) and Technical Bulletin 133 (TB133). Because TB133 requires furniture to withstand a much-more-demanding test flame than TB117, we hypothesized that spaces with TB133 furniture would have higher levels of FRs in dust. We found all 47 targeted FRs, including 12 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, 19 other brominated FRs, 11 phosphorus FRs (PFRs), 2 Dechlorane-Plus (DP) isomers, and 3 hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) isomers in the 95 dust samples. We measured the highest reported U.S. concentrations for a number of FRs, including BDE 209 (up to 990 000 ng/g), which may be used to meet the TB133 standard. We prioritized 16 FRs and analyzed levels in relation to flammability standard as well as presence and age of furniture and electronics. Adherence to TB133 was associated with higher concentrations of BDE 209, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), DPs, and HBCDD compared to adherence to TB117 in univariate models (p < 0.05). Student dormitory rooms tended to have higher levels of some FRs compared to common rooms, likely a result of the density of furniture and electronics. As flammability standards are updated, it is critical to understand their impact on exposure and health risks.
家具可燃性标准通常通过化学阻燃剂（FRs）来满足。阻燃剂可能会从产品中迁移到灰尘中，并与癌症、神经损伤和内分泌干扰有关。我们从美国两所大学校园的宿舍公共区域和学生宿舍收集了 95 个灰尘样本，这些宿舍分别遵守两种不同的家具可燃性标准：技术公告 117（TB117）和技术公告 133（TB133）。由于 TB133 要求家具能够承受比 TB117 要求更高的测试火焰，我们假设使用 TB133 家具的空间中的灰尘中阻燃剂含量会更高。我们在 95 个灰尘样本中发现了所有 47 种目标阻燃剂，包括 12 种多溴二苯醚（PBDE）同系物、19 种其他溴化阻燃剂、11 种磷阻燃剂（PFRs）、2 种十氯酮（DP）异构体和 3 种六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）异构体。我们测量了许多阻燃剂的美国最高报告浓度，包括 BDE 209（高达 990000ng/g），这可能用于满足 TB133 标准。我们对 16 种阻燃剂进行了优先排序，并分析了与可燃性标准以及家具和电子产品的存在和年龄有关的水平。与遵守 TB117 相比，遵守 TB133 与 BDE 209、十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、DPs 和 HBCDD 的浓度较高相关，在单变量模型中（p<0.05）。与公共房间相比，学生宿舍房间的某些阻燃剂水平往往较高，这可能是由于家具和电子产品的密度较高所致。随着可燃性标准的更新，了解其对暴露和健康风险的影响至关重要。
