Kovačec Eva, Regvar Marjana, van Elteren Johannes Teun, Arčon Iztok, Papp Tamás, Makovec Darko, Vogel-Mikuš Katarina
Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Chemosphere. 2017 Aug;180:178-185. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.022. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
Two plant pathogenic fungi, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata, isolated from crop plants, were exposed to Cu in ionic (Cu), microparticulate (MP, CuO) or nanoparticulate (NP, Cu or CuO) form, in solid and liquid culturing media in order to test fungal response and toxic effects of the mentioned compounds for the potential use as fungicides. B. cinerea has shown pronounced growth and lower levels of lipid peroxidation compared to A. alternata. Its higher resistance/tolerance is attributed mainly to biotransformation of CuO and Cu NPs and CuO MPs into a blue compound at the fungal/culturing media interface, recognized by Cu K-edge EXAFS analysis as Cu-oxalate complex. The pronounced activity of catechol-type siderophores and organic acid secretion in B. cinerea induce leaching and mobilization of Cu ions from the particles and their further complexation with extracellularly secreted oxalic acid. The ability of pathogenic fungus to biotransform CuO MPs and NPs hampers their use as fungicides. However the results show that B. cinerea has a potential to be used in degradation of Cu(O) nanoparticles in environment, copper extraction and purification techniques.
从农作物中分离出的两种植物病原真菌，即灰葡萄孢菌和链格孢菌，在固体和液体培养基中分别暴露于离子态（Cu）、微粒态（MP，CuO）或纳米颗粒态（NP，Cu或CuO）的铜中，以测试真菌的反应以及上述化合物作为潜在杀菌剂的毒性作用。与链格孢菌相比，灰葡萄孢菌显示出明显的生长以及较低水平的脂质过氧化。其较高的抗性/耐受性主要归因于CuO和Cu NPs以及CuO MPs在真菌/培养基界面处生物转化为一种蓝色化合物，通过Cu K边扩展X射线吸收精细结构（EXAFS）分析确定为草酸铜络合物。灰葡萄孢菌中儿茶酚型铁载体的显著活性和有机酸分泌促使铜离子从颗粒中浸出和迁移，并使其进一步与细胞外分泌的草酸络合。病原真菌对CuO MPs和NPs进行生物转化的能力阻碍了它们作为杀菌剂的使用。然而，结果表明灰葡萄孢菌在环境中降解Cu（O）纳米颗粒、铜提取和纯化技术方面具有潜在应用价值。
