Ho Mai-Lan, Campeau Norbert G, Ngo Thang D, Udayasankar Unni K, Welker Kirk M
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2017 May;47(5):534-543. doi: 10.1007/s00247-016-3776-7. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
Pediatric neuroimaging is a complex and specialized field that uses magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as the workhorse for diagnosis. Standard MR techniques used in adult neuroimaging are suboptimal for imaging in pediatrics because there are significant differences in the child's developing brain. These differences include size, myelination and sulcation. MR protocols need to be tailored to the specific indication and reviewed by the supervising radiologist in real time, and the specialized needs of this population require careful consideration of issues such as scan timing, sequence order, sedation, anesthesia and gadolinium administration. In part 1 of this review, we focus on basic protocol development and anatomical characterization. We provide multiple imaging examples optimized for evaluation of supratentorial and infratentorial brain, midline structures, head and neck, and intracranial vasculature.
儿科神经影像学是一个复杂且专业的领域，它将磁共振（MR）成像作为诊断的主要手段。成人神经影像学中使用的标准MR技术在儿科成像中并不理想，因为儿童发育中的大脑存在显著差异。这些差异包括大小、髓鞘形成和脑沟形成。MR检查方案需要根据具体指征进行调整，并由主管放射科医生实时审查，而且针对这一人群的特殊需求，需要仔细考虑扫描时间、序列顺序、镇静、麻醉和钆剂给药等问题。在本综述的第1部分中，我们重点关注基本检查方案的制定和解剖特征描述。我们提供了多个优化后的成像示例，用于评估幕上和幕下脑、中线结构、头颈部以及颅内血管系统。
