Bailey Christopher, Huisman Thierry A G M, de Jong Robert M, Hwang Misun
Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
J Neuroimaging. 2017 Sep;27(5):437-441. doi: 10.1111/jon.12443. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
Neonates presenting with neurologic symptoms require rapid, noninvasive imaging with high spatial resolution and tissue contrast. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for evaluation of neurological pathology. This modality does come with several challenges in the neonatal population, namely, the need to transport a possibly critically sick neonate to the MRI suite and the necessity of the neonate to remain still for a significant length of time, occasionally requiring sedation. Cranial ultrasound has provided radiologists and clinicians with an invaluable imaging modality that allows of rapid, bedside point of care evaluation without ionizing radiation. The major drawback of cranial ultrasound is its lower sensitivity and specificity for subtle/early lesions. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and elastography have the potential to improve sensitivity and specificity for a variety of neuropathology but also expand the indications for cranial ultrasound. Goal of this paper is to present and discuss CEUS and elastography for neonatal brain imaging.
出现神经系统症状的新生儿需要进行快速、无创的成像检查，且成像要有高空间分辨率和组织对比度。磁共振成像（MRI）是目前评估神经病理学最敏感、最具特异性的成像方式。然而，这种方式在新生儿群体中存在几个挑战，即需要将可能病情危急的新生儿转运到MRI检查室，并且新生儿需要长时间保持静止，有时还需要镇静。头颅超声为放射科医生和临床医生提供了一种非常有价值的成像方式，它可以在床边进行快速的即时护理评估，且无需电离辐射。头颅超声的主要缺点是对细微/早期病变的敏感性和特异性较低。超声造影（CEUS）和弹性成像有可能提高对各种神经病理学的敏感性和特异性，同时也扩大了头颅超声的应用范围。本文的目的是介绍和讨论用于新生儿脑成像的CEUS和弹性成像。
