Samson W K
Department of Anatomy, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia 65212.
Brain Res Bull. 1988 Jun;20(6):831-7. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(88)90099-8.
The recently discovered cardiac peptides, called atrial natriuretic factors (ANF), act peripherally as hormones which control fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Their renal, adrenal and vascular effects are complemented by central nervous system (CNS) actions to inhibit vasopressin secretion, salt preference, and water intake, and to inhibit the CNS component of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. These central actions of ANF are thought to mirror physiological roles played by endogenous, neuronally derived ANF within the brain. ANF immunoreactivity and binding sites in the anterior pituitary gland and median eminence suggest, as well, neuroendocrine actions of the peptide. We have failed to observe direct pituitary effects of ANF on basal or stimulated pituitary hormone secretion; however, specific hypothalamic actions have been discovered. ANF infusions (IV or cerebroventricular) inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion via, at least in part, an opioid mechanism since naloxone pretreatment blocks the effect. Additionally ANF inhibits catecholamine stimulation of the release of LH-releasing factor in the median eminence. Direct effects of ANF on tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons are suggested by the observation that the prolactin-inhibiting action of ANF is prevented by domperidone treatment and is absent following alpha methyl-p-tyrosine inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. These recent results imply neuromodulatory actions of ANF within the CNS that are expressed via interaction with brain peptide and catecholamine systems.
最近发现的心脏肽，即心房利钠因子（ANF），作为激素在外周发挥作用，控制体液和电解质平衡。它们对肾脏、肾上腺和血管的作用，与中枢神经系统（CNS）抑制血管加压素分泌、盐偏好和水摄入以及抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的中枢神经系统成分的作用相辅相成。ANF的这些中枢作用被认为反映了大脑中内源性、神经元衍生的ANF所发挥的生理作用。垂体前叶和正中隆起中的ANF免疫反应性和结合位点也表明了该肽的神经内分泌作用。我们未能观察到ANF对基础或刺激状态下垂体激素分泌的直接垂体作用；然而，已经发现了其对下丘脑的特异性作用。ANF输注（静脉内或脑室内）至少部分通过阿片类机制抑制促黄体生成素（LH）分泌，因为纳洛酮预处理可阻断该作用。此外，ANF抑制儿茶酚胺对正中隆起中促性腺激素释放因子释放的刺激。多潘立酮治疗可阻止ANF的催乳素抑制作用，而在α-甲基-对-酪氨酸抑制酪氨酸羟化酶活性后该作用消失，这一观察结果提示了ANF对结节漏斗多巴胺神经元的直接作用。这些最新结果表明，ANF在中枢神经系统内具有神经调节作用，通过与脑肽和儿茶酚胺系统相互作用来表达。
