犬尿钙卫蛋白在患有下尿路或泌尿生殖道癌的犬中的诊断性能。
Diagnostic performance of the urinary canine calgranulins in dogs with lower urinary or urogenital tract carcinoma.
作者信息
Heilmann Romy M, McNiel Elizabeth A, Grützner Niels, Lanerie David J, Suchodolski Jan S, Steiner Jörg M
机构信息
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, DE-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4474, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA.
出版信息
BMC Vet Res. 2017 Apr 21;13(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1032-5.
BACKGROUND
Onset of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and prostatic carcinoma (PCA) is usually insidious with dogs presenting at an advanced stage of the disease. A biomarker that can facilitate early detection of TCC/PCA and improve patient survival would be useful. S100A8/A9 (calgranulin A/B or calprotectin) and S100A12 (calgranulin C) are expressed by cells of the innate immune system and are associated with several inflammatory disorders. S100A8/A9 is also expressed by epithelial cells after malignant transformation and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and metastasis. S100A8/A9 is up-regulated in human PCA and TCC, whereas the results for S100A12 have been ambiguous. Also, the urine S100A8/A9-to-S100A12 ratio (uCalR) may have potential as a marker for canine TCC/PCA. Aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the urinary S100/calgranulins to detect TCC/PCA in dogs by using data and urine samples from 164 dogs with TCC/PCA, non-neoplastic urinary tract disease, other neoplasms, or urinary tract infections, and 75 healthy controls (nested case-control study). Urine S100A8/A9 and S100A12 (measured by species-specific radioimmunoassays and normalized against urine specific gravity [S100A8/A9; S100A12], urine creatinine concentration, and urine protein concentration and the uCalR were compared among the groups of dogs.
RESULTS
S100A8/A9 had the highest sensitivity (96%) and specificity (66%) to detect TCC/PCA, with specificity reaching 75% after excluding dogs with a urinary tract infection. The uCalR best distinguished dogs with TCC/PCA from dogs with a urinary tract infection (sensitivity: 91%, specificity: 60%). Using a S100A8/A9 ≥ 109.9 to screen dogs ≥6 years of age for TCC/PCA yielded a negative predictive value of 100%.
CONCLUSIONS
S100A8/A9 and uCalR may have utility for diagnosing TCC/PCA in dogs, and S100A8/A9 may be a good screening test for canine TCC/PCA.
背景
犬移行细胞癌（TCC）和前列腺癌（PCA）通常起病隐匿，犬只就诊时往往已处于疾病晚期。一种能够促进TCC/PCA早期检测并提高患者生存率的生物标志物将很有用。S100A8/A9（钙粒蛋白A/B或钙卫蛋白）和S100A12（钙粒蛋白C）由先天免疫系统的细胞表达，并与多种炎症性疾病相关。S100A8/A9在恶性转化后的上皮细胞中也有表达，并参与细胞增殖和转移的调控。S100A8/A9在人类PCA和TCC中上调，而S100A12的结果尚不明确。此外，尿S100A8/A9与S100A12的比值（uCalR）可能有潜力作为犬TCC/PCA的标志物。本研究的目的是通过使用164只患有TCC/PCA、非肿瘤性泌尿系统疾病、其他肿瘤或泌尿系统感染的犬以及75只健康对照犬的数据和尿液样本（巢式病例对照研究），评估尿S100/钙粒蛋白检测犬TCC/PCA的诊断准确性。对各组犬的尿S100A8/A9和S100A12（通过物种特异性放射免疫测定法测量，并根据尿比重[S100A8/A9；S100A12]、尿肌酐浓度、尿蛋白浓度进行标准化）以及uCalR进行比较。
结果
S100A8/A9检测TCC/PCA的敏感性最高（96%），特异性为66%，排除泌尿系统感染的犬后特异性达到75%。uCalR最能区分患有TCC/PCA的犬和患有泌尿系统感染的犬（敏感性：91%，特异性：60%）。使用S100A8/A9≥109.9对6岁及以上犬进行TCC/PCA筛查，阴性预测值为100%。
结论
S100A8/A9和uCalR可能对诊断犬TCC/PCA有用，且S100A8/A9可能是犬TCC/PCA的一种良好筛查试验。
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