Fell James C, Scherer Michael
a NORC at the University of Chicago , Bethesda , Maryland.
b Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation , Calverton , Maryland.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2017 Aug 18;18(6):577-584. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1293257. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Administrative license revocation (ALR) laws, which provide that the license of a driver with a blood alcohol concentration at or over the illegal limit is subject to an immediate suspension by the state department of motor vehicles, are an example of a traffic law in which the sanction rapidly follows the offense. The power of ALR laws has been attributed to how swiftly the sanction is applied, but does the length of suspension matter? Our objectives were to (a) determine the relationship of the ALR suspension length to the prevalence of drinking drivers relative to sober drivers in fatal crashes and (b) estimate the extent to which the relationship is associated to the general deterrent effect compared to the specific deterrent effect of the law.
Data comparing the impact of ALR law implementation and ALR law suspension periods were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques on the ratio of drinking drivers to nondrinking drivers in fatal crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS).
States with an ALR law with a short suspension period (1-30 days) had a significantly lower drinking driver ratio than states with no ALR law. States with a suspension period of 91-180 days had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods, while the three states with suspension lengths of 181 days or longer had significantly lower ratios than states with shorter suspension periods.
The implementation of any ALR law was associated with a 13.1% decrease in the drinking/nondrinking driver fatal crash ratio but only a 1.8% decrease in the intoxicated/nonintoxicated fatal crash ratio. The ALR laws and suspension lengths had a significant general deterrent effect, but no specific deterrent effect.
States might want to keep (or adopt) ALR laws for their general deterrent effects and pursue alternatives for specific deterrent effects. States with short ALR suspension periods should consider lengthening them to 91 days or longer.
行政许可吊销（ALR）法律规定，血液酒精浓度达到或超过非法限制的驾驶员的驾照将被州机动车管理部门立即吊销，这是一种制裁迅速紧随违法行为的交通法律示例。ALR法律的效力归因于制裁实施的迅速程度，但吊销期限重要吗？我们的目标是：（a）确定ALR吊销期限与致命撞车事故中酒驾司机相对于清醒司机的比例之间的关系；（b）估计该关系与法律的一般威慑效果相比，在多大程度上与特定威慑效果相关联。
使用结构方程建模技术，对来自致命事故分析报告系统（FARS）的致命撞车事故中酒驾司机与非酒驾司机的比例数据进行分析，以比较ALR法律实施和ALR法律吊销期限的影响。
吊销期限较短（1 - 30天）的ALR法律州的酒驾司机比例显著低于没有ALR法律的州。吊销期限为91 - 180天的州的比例显著低于吊销期限较短的州，而吊销期限为181天或更长的三个州的比例显著低于吊销期限较短的州。
任何ALR法律的实施都与酒驾/非酒驾司机致命撞车事故比例下降13.1%相关，但与醉酒/未醉酒致命撞车事故比例仅下降1.8%相关。ALR法律和吊销期限具有显著的一般威慑效果，但没有特定威慑效果。
各州可能希望保留（或采用）ALR法律以发挥其一般威慑效果，并寻求实现特定威慑效果的替代方法。ALR吊销期限较短的州应考虑将其延长至91天或更长。
