Yadlin-Gadot Shlomit
Hashoftim 20, Ramat Hasharon 4703731, Israel. E-mail:
Psychoanal Rev. 2017 Apr;104(2):163-201. doi: 10.1521/prev.2017.104.2.163.
Freud adhered to the idea that psychoanalysis is a science and that truth is one. The transition from a realistic epistemology to an epistemology of subjective idealism in psychoanalytic thought was accompanied by the splintering of the "one" realistic truth into a multiplicity of truths: realistic-correspondent, ideal, subjective-existential, intersubjective, coherent, and pragmatic truths. The present paper, employing the concept of "truth axes," explores these truths as they relate to basic human needs, self- states, and the structuring of subjectivity. Truth axes are posited as organizing principles of the psyche aimed at achieving stable images of reality across critical dimensions of the subject's life. Personality and experience render some axes dominant, while others remain foreclosed and dissociated. In this construal, the psychoanalytic process concerns the detailing, depicting, and understanding of the various truth axes. The psychological definition of truth illuminates its relation to clinical objectives and methodologies and emphasizes the ethical dimension involved in prioritization of truths. These ideas are illustrated by clinical vignettes.
弗洛伊德坚持认为精神分析是一门科学，且真理是唯一的。精神分析思想从现实主义认识论向主观唯心主义认识论的转变，伴随着“唯一”的现实主义真理分裂为多种真理：现实主义对应真理、理想真理、主观存在真理、主体间真理、连贯真理和实用主义真理。本文运用“真理轴”的概念，探讨这些与人类基本需求、自我状态及主体性结构相关的真理。真理轴被假定为心理的组织原则，旨在跨越主体生活的关键维度实现对现实的稳定认知。人格和经历使某些轴占主导地位，而其他轴则被封闭和分离。按照这种解释，精神分析过程涉及对各种真理轴的详细阐述、描绘和理解。真理的心理学定义阐明了它与临床目标和方法的关系，并强调了在真理优先级排序中涉及的伦理维度。这些观点通过临床案例进行说明。
