University of Cambridge, UK.
University of Edinburgh, UK.
J Atten Disord. 2020 Nov;24(13):1796-1806. doi: 10.1177/1087054717705202. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
In recent years, there has been an increased focus on "late onset" ADHD, referring to the onset of symptoms beyond childhood, into adolescence and adulthood. We aimed to identify childhood predictors of ADHD symptom increases over development. We used growth mixture modeling to evaluate predictors of a "late onset" symptom trajectories in a longitudinal cohort study of youth measured at eight points from ages 7 to 15. Individuals with high levels of sensation seeking at age 7 were more likely to show a trajectory of ADHD symptoms characterized by increasing levels from age 7 than persistently low symptom levels. The late versus early onset distinction may align with the distinction between deficits in "bottom-up" versus "top-down" processes previously discussed in relation to ADHD. Results also raise the possibility that later onset symptoms could be predicted based on characteristics in childhood.
近年来，人们越来越关注“晚发”多动症，即症状在儿童期之后出现，进入青少年期和成年期。我们旨在确定儿童时期与 ADHD 症状随时间发展而增加相关的预测因素。我们使用增长混合模型，在一项对从 7 岁到 15 岁共 8 次测量的青少年进行的纵向队列研究中，评估了“晚发”症状轨迹的预测因素。在 7 岁时具有较高感觉寻求水平的个体，表现出 ADHD 症状轨迹的可能性更大，其特征是从 7 岁开始症状水平逐渐升高，而不是持续处于低水平。晚发与早发的区别可能与之前讨论过的与 ADHD 相关的“自下而上”与“自上而下”过程中的缺陷区别相吻合。研究结果还提出了一种可能性，即基于儿童时期的特征，可能可以预测后期发作的症状。
