Aguilà Queralt, Ramón Maria Àngels, Matesanz Susana, Vilatimó Ramon, Del Moral Irene, Brotons Carles, Ulied Àngels
Servicio de Dietética y Nutrición, Equip d'Atenció Primària Centelles, Centelles, Barcelona, España.
Servicio de Pediatría, Equip d'Atenció Primària Centelles, Centelles, Barcelona, España.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2017 Mar;64(3):138-145. doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
Malnourishment can be caused by either a lack of food or an excess of low-nutrient foods. Due to several factors, this predisposes children to academic failure. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of school children with eating problems, study their nutrition level, food quality in the diet, and level of physical activity.
The study involved the school children between 3 months and 16.5 years of age in the municipalities of Centelles, Hostalets de Balenyà and Sant Martí de Centelles. Personal, age, nutrition and physical activity data were collected for the descriptive and bivariate analyses.
A total of 1,374 children were included, of which 122 were under 3 years of age (8.9%). Obesity was recorded in 2.5%, while 17.2, 15.6 and 64.8% were overweight, underweight and of normal weight, respectively. The remaining 1,252 children were over 3 years of age (91.1%), and obesity was recorded in 8.1%, while 26.1, 11.0 and 62.9% were overweight, underweight and of normal weight, respectively. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreased significantly with increasing age. The maintenance of body weight was significantly correlated to the consumption of carbohydrates for breakfast before going to school, daily fruit consumption, and not having a need for care from the social services. The differences in physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle proved significant between males and females.
Being underweight and overweight are factors related to eating habits and dependency upon the social services.
营养不良可能由食物短缺或低营养食物摄入过量所致。由于多种因素，这使儿童易出现学业成绩不佳的情况。本研究的目的是估算有饮食问题的学童患病率，研究他们的营养水平、饮食中的食物质量以及身体活动水平。
该研究涉及森特列斯、奥斯塔莱特斯·德·巴莱尼亚和圣马尔蒂·德·森特列斯市3个月至16.5岁的学童。收集个人、年龄、营养和身体活动数据用于描述性和双变量分析。
共纳入1374名儿童，其中122名年龄在3岁以下（8.9%）。肥胖率为2.5%，超重、体重过轻和体重正常的比例分别为17.2%、15.6%和64.8%。其余1252名儿童年龄在3岁以上（91.1%），肥胖率为8.1%，超重、体重过轻和体重正常的比例分别为26.1%、11.0%和62.9%。对地中海饮食的依从性随年龄增长显著下降。体重维持与上学前早餐碳水化合物的摄入量、每日水果摄入量以及无需社会服务照料显著相关。男性和女性在身体活动和久坐生活方式方面的差异显著。
体重过轻和超重是与饮食习惯及对社会服务的依赖相关的因素。
