Lieff Susan J, Yammarino Francis J
S.J. Lieff is director of academic leadership development, Centre for Faculty Development, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine and St. Michael's Hospital, and professor and vice chair of education, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.F.J. Yammarino is director, Centre for Leadership Studies, and SUNY Distinguished Professor of Management, School of Management, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York.
Acad Med. 2017 May;92(5):614-621. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001475.
Academic medicine is in an era of unprecedented and constant change due to fluctuating economies, globalization, emerging technologies, research, and professional and educational mandates. Consequently, academic health science centers (AHSCs) are facing new levels of complexity, constraint, and uncertainty. Currently, AHSC leaders work with competing academic and health service demands and are required to work with and are accountable to a diversity of stakeholders. Given the new challenges and emerging needs, the authors believe the leadership methods and approaches AHSCs have used in the past that led to successes will be insufficient. In this Article, the authors propose that AHSCs will require a unique combination of old and new leadership approaches specifically oriented to the unique complexity of the AHSC context. They initially describe the designer (or hierarchical) and heroic (military and transformational) approaches to leadership and how they have been applied in AHSCs. While these well-researched and traditional approaches have their strengths in certain contexts, the leadership field has recognized that they can also limit leaders' abilities to enable their organizations to be engaged, adaptable, and responsive. Consequently, some new approaches have emerged that are taking hold in academic work and professional practice. The authors highlight and explore some of these new approaches-the authentic, self, shared, and network approaches to leadership-with attention to their application in and utility for the AHSC context.
由于经济波动、全球化、新兴技术、研究以及专业和教育要求，学术医学正处于一个前所未有的持续变革时代。因此，学术健康科学中心（AHSCs）正面临着新的复杂程度、限制和不确定性。目前，AHSC的领导者要应对相互竞争的学术和医疗服务需求，并且需要与各种各样的利益相关者合作并对其负责。鉴于新的挑战和新出现的需求，作者认为AHSCs过去所采用的那些带来成功的领导方法和途径将不再充分。在本文中，作者提出AHSCs将需要一种独特的新旧领导方法组合，这种组合专门针对AHSC环境的独特复杂性。他们首先描述了设计型（或层级型）和英雄型（军事型和变革型）领导方法以及它们在AHSCs中的应用方式。虽然这些经过充分研究的传统方法在某些情况下有其优势，但领导领域已经认识到它们也可能限制领导者使组织具备参与性、适应性和响应能力的能力。因此，一些新方法已经出现并在学术工作和专业实践中站稳脚跟。作者重点介绍并探讨了其中一些新方法——真实型、自我型、共享型和网络型领导方法——并关注它们在AHSC环境中的应用和效用。
