Spitschan Manuel, Lucas Robert J, Brown Timothy M
Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Jul;78:24-33. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.016. Epub 2017 Apr 23.
During dusk and dawn, the ambient illumination undergoes drastic changes in irradiance (or intensity) and spectrum (or color). While the former is a well-studied factor in synchronizing behavior and physiology to the earth's 24-h rotation, color sensitivity in the regulation of circadian rhythms has not been systematically studied. Drawing on the concept of color opponency, a well-known property of image-forming vision in many vertebrates (including humans), we consider how the spectral shifts during twilight are encoded by a color-opponent sensory system for non-image-forming (NIF) visual functions, including phase shifting and melatonin suppression. We review electrophysiological evidence for color sensitivity in the pineal/parietal organs of fish, amphibians and reptiles, color coding in neurons in the circadian pacemaker in mice as well as sporadic evidence for color sensitivity in NIF visual functions in birds and mammals. Together, these studies suggest that color opponency may be an important modulator of light-driven physiological and behavioral responses.
在黄昏和黎明时分，环境光照的辐照度（或强度）和光谱（或颜色）会发生剧烈变化。虽然前者是一个已被充分研究的因素，可使行为和生理与地球的24小时自转同步，但昼夜节律调节中的颜色敏感性尚未得到系统研究。借鉴颜色对立的概念，这是许多脊椎动物（包括人类）成像视觉的一个众所周知的特性，我们思考在黄昏期间的光谱变化是如何由一个颜色对立的感觉系统编码，用于非成像（NIF）视觉功能，包括相位移动和褪黑素抑制。我们回顾了鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物松果体/顶叶器官颜色敏感性的电生理证据、小鼠昼夜节律起搏器中神经元的颜色编码，以及鸟类和哺乳动物NIF视觉功能中颜色敏感性的零星证据。这些研究共同表明，颜色对立可能是光驱动的生理和行为反应的一个重要调节因素。
