核糖体作为翻译后修饰枢纽的新作用。
An emerging role for the ribosome as a nexus for post-translational modifications.
作者信息
Simsek Deniz, Barna Maria
机构信息
Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2017 Apr;45:92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.02.010. Epub 2017 Apr 23.
The ribosome is one of life's most ancient molecular machines that has historically been viewed as a backstage participant in gene regulation, translating the genetic code across all kingdoms of life in a rote-like fashion. However, recent studies suggest that intrinsic components of the ribosome can be regulated and diversified as a means to intricately control the expression of the cellular proteome. In this review, we discuss advances in the characterization of ribosome post-translational modifications (PTMs) from past to present. We specifically focus on emerging examples of ribosome phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, which are beginning to showcase that PTMs of the ribosome are versatile, may have functional consequences for translational control, and are intimately linked to human disease. We further highlight the key questions that remain to be addressed to gain a more complete picture of the array of ribosome PTMs and the upstream enzymes that control them, which may endow ribosomes with greater regulatory potential in gene regulation and control of cellular homeostasis.
核糖体是生命中最古老的分子机器之一，在历史上一直被视为基因调控的幕后参与者，以一种机械的方式在所有生命王国中翻译遗传密码。然而，最近的研究表明，核糖体的内在成分可以被调控和多样化，以此作为一种精细控制细胞蛋白质组表达的手段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了核糖体翻译后修饰（PTM）表征从过去到现在的进展。我们特别关注核糖体磷酸化和泛素化的新例子，这些例子开始表明核糖体的PTM具有多样性，可能对翻译控制产生功能影响，并且与人类疾病密切相关。我们进一步强调了为更全面了解核糖体PTM阵列及其控制上游酶仍有待解决的关键问题，这些酶可能赋予核糖体在基因调控和细胞稳态控制方面更大的调控潜力。
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