Jahanian R, Khalifeh-Gholi M
Poultry Nutrition Research Center, Bioscitech Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2018 Feb;102(1):e11-e20. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12695. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) on performance, immune responses, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 540 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into the nine experimental diets, consisting five replicates of 12 birds each. Dietary treatments included three different levels (90%, 100%, and 110% of National Research Council [NRC] specifications) of either dietary Arg or Met, which were fed to the birds according to a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments during a 42 days feeding trial. Results showed that supplementation of Arg and Met into the deficient-diets increased (p < .01) weight gains during all trial periods. Although average daily feed intake (ADFI) was not influenced by dietary treatments, increasing Arg up to 100% of NRC recommendations improved (p < .05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) throughout the trial period. Similarly, supplementation of deficient-diets with Met improved FCR values. There was a significant (p < .01) Arg × Met interaction for ADFI during the starter period; increasing the dietary Arg level increased ADFI when the diets were deficient in Met, while had an opposite effect in diets containing higher dietary Met levels. On the other hand, dietary Met fortification improved (p = .067) FCR values to a greater extent in 110% Arg-diets during the entire trial period. Although different levels of Arg and Met had no marked effects on carcass yield and abdominal fat percentage, supplemental Arg up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .01) the relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius. Furthermore, bursa weight was affected by Arg × Met interaction (p < .01), so that supplemental Arg level of 100% of NRC increased the relative bursa weight in birds that were fed diets containing 90% and 110% of Met. Serum uric acid level was decreased (p < .05) as a result of dietary Arg fortification up to 110% of NRC recommended values. Supplementation of deficient-diets with Met decreased (p < .05) serum cholesterol level. Although Newcastle antibody titer was not affected by dietary Arg or Met levels, Arg fortification of deficient-diets increased (p < .001) antibody responses against infectious bronchitis (IBV) and bursal (IBD) disease viruses. Similarly, Met supplementation of deficient-diets increased IBD antibody titer. There were significant (p < .05) Arg × Met interactions for IBV and IBD titers; Met fortification of 110% Arg-diets was more effective in increasing antibody titers. An increase in dietary Met level up to 100% of NRC values increased (p < .001) serum concentration of γ-globulins. The present findings imply that supplemental Arg could affect feed efficiency and antibody responses when the diets were already fortified with a sufficient Met level.
本研究旨在探讨不同水平的日粮精氨酸（Arg）和蛋氨酸（Met）对肉鸡生产性能、免疫反应和胴体特性的影响。总共540只1日龄的罗斯308肉鸡雏鸡被随机分配到9种试验日粮中，每种日粮有5个重复，每个重复12只鸡。日粮处理包括三种不同水平（分别为美国国家研究委员会 [NRC] 标准的90%、100%和110%）的日粮Arg或Met，在为期42天的饲养试验中，按照3×3析因试验设计将其投喂给鸡群。结果表明，在缺乏日粮中补充Arg和Met可提高（p<0.01）所有试验阶段的体重增加。虽然平均日采食量（ADFI）不受日粮处理的影响，但将Arg增加至NRC推荐值的100%可改善（p<0.05）整个试验期的饲料转化率（FCR）。同样，在缺乏日粮中补充Met可改善FCR值。在育雏期，ADFI存在显著的（p<0.01）Arg×Met互作；当日粮中Met缺乏时，提高日粮Arg水平会增加ADFI，而在Met水平较高的日粮中则产生相反的效果。另一方面，在整个试验期，日粮中添加Met在110% Arg日粮中能更大程度地改善（p=0.067）FCR值。虽然不同水平的Arg和Met对胴体产率和腹脂率没有显著影响，但补充Arg至NRC值的100%可增加（p<0.01）脾脏和法氏囊的相对重量。此外，法氏囊重量受Arg×Met互作影响（p<0.01），因此，在饲喂含90%和110% Met日粮的鸡中，补充100% NRC水平的Arg可增加法氏囊相对重量。日粮中补充Arg至NRC推荐值的110%可降低（p<0.05）血清尿酸水平。在缺乏日粮中补充Met可降低（p<0.05）血清胆固醇水平。虽然新城疫抗体效价不受日粮Arg或Met水平的影响，但在缺乏日粮中补充Arg可增加（p<0.001）针对传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）和法氏囊病病毒（IBD）的抗体反应。同样，在缺乏日粮中补充Met可增加IBD抗体效价。对于IBV和IBD效价存在显著的（p<0.05）Arg×Met互作；在110% Arg日粮中补充Met对提高抗体效价更有效。将日粮Met水平提高至NRC值的100%可增加（p<0.001）血清γ-球蛋白浓度。本研究结果表明，当日粮中已补充足够水平的Met时，补充Arg可影响饲料效率和抗体反应。
