Su Yue, Chang Guanyu, Liu Jingyu, Huang Peng, Zeng Jianguo
College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
College of Veterinary, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
Anim Nutr. 2024 Aug 12;19:76-89. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.05.009. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Dietary sanguinarine (SAN) can enhance the growth performance of poultry and livestock, but the regulatory mechanism of the SAN monomer on intestinal homeostasis and how it promotes growth performance has not yet been clarified. In this study, 200 chickens were divided into four groups and fed different doses of SAN (0, 0.225, 0.75, 2.25 mg/kg) for transcriptome and microbiota analysis. The data showed that different doses of SAN supplementation increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of 22 to 42 d old and 1 to 42 d old broilers ( < 0.01), and 0.225 mg/kg SAN reduced the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum ( < 0.01). Dietary SAN increased the villus height and the villus height/crypt depth (V/C) ratio in the ileum ( < 0.01). The levels of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin1) were up-regulated in the ileum and cecum ( < 0.01) and the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, IgG, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ were up-regulated in the serum and ileum ( < 0.01). RNA-seq analysis revealed 385 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log fold change| ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05) between the SAN group and CON group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed 15 pathways mostly associated with the immune system. Additionally, the reverse transcription-PCR results showed that the relative mRNA expression of β-defensin and mucin 2 were up-regulated ( < 0.01) and Toll-like receptor ( and ) mRNA expression were down-regulated by SAN ( < 0.01), which was consistent with the transcriptomic analysis. Western blot analysis also showed that SAN reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins such as TLR4, nuclear factor-kappa B and IL-1β in the ileum ( < 0.01). In addition, at the genus level, SAN significantly increased the relative abundance of bacteria (, , and ) involved in acetate and butyrate production in the cecum, which are associated with enhanced intestinal immune function and maintaining intestinal health. In conclusion, SAN ameliorates the growth performance of broilers, enhances intestinal immune function, regulates the structure of microbiota and maintains intestinal health.
日粮中的血根碱（SAN）可提高家禽和家畜的生长性能，但SAN单体对肠道稳态的调节机制及其如何促进生长性能尚未阐明。在本研究中，将200只鸡分为四组，分别饲喂不同剂量的SAN（0、0.225、0.75、2.25mg/kg）进行转录组和微生物群分析。数据显示，不同剂量添加SAN可提高22至42日龄和1至42日龄肉鸡的饲料转化率（FCR）（P<0.01），且0.225mg/kg SAN可降低血清中丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酐（CREA）和血尿素氮（BUN）的含量（P<0.01）。日粮中的SAN可增加回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）比值（P<0.01）。回肠和盲肠中紧密连接蛋白（闭合蛋白-1、闭锁蛋白和claudin1）的水平上调（P<0.01），血清和回肠中免疫球蛋白（Ig）A、IgM、IgG、白细胞介素（IL）-4、IL-10和干扰素（IFN）-γ的水平上调（P<0.01）。RNA测序分析显示，SAN组和CON组之间有385个差异表达基因（DEG）（|log倍数变化|≥1，FDR<0.05）。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析显示，有15条通路主要与免疫系统相关。此外，逆转录-PCR结果显示，β-防御素和黏蛋白2的相对mRNA表达上调（P<0.01），Toll样受体（TLR4和TLR2）mRNA表达被SAN下调（P<0.01），这与转录组分析结果一致。蛋白质免疫印迹分析还显示，SAN可降低回肠中TLR4、核因子-κB和IL-1β等炎症蛋白的表达（P<0.01）。此外，在属水平上，SAN显著增加了盲肠中参与乙酸和丁酸产生的细菌（Faecalibacterium、Roseburia、Ruminococcus和Bifidobacterium）的相对丰度，这些细菌与增强肠道免疫功能和维持肠道健康有关。总之，SAN可改善肉鸡的生长性能，增强肠道免疫功能，调节微生物群结构并维持肠道健康。
