Strachecka Aneta, Chobotow Jacek, Paleolog Jerzy, Łoś Aleksandra, Schulz Michał, Teper Dariusz, Kucharczyk Halina, Grzybek Maciej
Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, Lublin, Poland.
Zoological Museum/Laboratory, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, Lublin, Poland.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 27;12(4):e0176539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176539. eCollection 2017.
We examined age-related biochemical and histological changes in the fat bodies and hemolymph of Osmia rufa males and females. We analysed solitary bees during diapause, in October and in April; as well as the flying insects following diapause, in May and June. The trophocyte sizes, as well as the numbers of lipid droplets were the greatest at the beginning of diapause. Subsequently, they decreased along with age. Triglyceride and glucose concentrations systematically decreased in fat body cells but increased in the hemolymph from October to June. Concentrations/activities of (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) antioxidant and proteolytic systems, as well as phenoloxidase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were constant during the diapause, usually lower in the males than the females. Prior to the diapause/overwintering, the concentrations/activities of all the compounds were higher in the fat bodies than in the hemolymph. Later in the spring and in the summer, they increased in the hemolymph and on the body surfaces, while decreasing in the fat bodies. The global DNA methylation levels increased with age. Higher levels were always observed in the males than in the females. The study will promote better understanding of bee evolution and will be useful for the protection and management of solitary bees, with benefits to the environment and agriculture.
我们研究了红切叶蜂雄蜂和雌蜂脂肪体及血淋巴中与年龄相关的生化和组织学变化。我们分析了处于滞育期的独居蜜蜂（10月和4月），以及滞育后飞行期的昆虫（5月和6月）。滋养细胞大小以及脂滴数量在滞育开始时最大。随后，它们随着年龄增长而减少。从10月到6月，脂肪体细胞中的甘油三酯和葡萄糖浓度系统性降低，但血淋巴中的浓度升高。（酶促和非酶促）抗氧化和蛋白水解系统以及酚氧化酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的浓度/活性在滞育期间保持恒定，通常雄性低于雌性。在滞育/越冬前，所有化合物的浓度/活性在脂肪体中高于血淋巴。在春季和夏季后期，它们在血淋巴和体表增加，而在脂肪体中减少。整体DNA甲基化水平随年龄增长而增加。雄性的水平总是高于雌性。该研究将促进对蜜蜂进化的更好理解，并将有助于独居蜜蜂的保护和管理，对环境和农业有益。
