Yoshii Hatsumi, Kitamura Nobutaka, Akazawa Kouhei, Saito Hidemitsu
Department of Health Sciences, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Asahimachi-Dori 1-754, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan.
BMC Oral Health. 2017 Apr 27;17(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0372-7.
The oral hygiene of patients with a mental illness is an important concern in psychiatric care, and it is necessary to increase the level of self-care among these patients. In this study, we administered an oral care questionnaire to people with mental illness in Japan and compared their answers before (baseline) and at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months after they participated in an educational program.
The questionnaire was distributed to 390 patients. It included questions about age, education, income, between-meal snacks, number of teeth, frequency of tooth brushing, and other items. The educational program was developed for the purposes of improving self-care.
Before the program, the proportion of male patients who had had a mental illness for ≥ 10 years was significantly higher among those patients who did not brush their teeth before bed. In addition, such patients did not have primary care dentists, and a significantly higher proportion of male patients, compared with female patients, did not undergo routine dental checkups more than once per year. The educational program resulted in an improvement in the use of fluoride toothpaste from baseline to 6 months after the intervention (p = 0.001). The daily use of interdental brushes or floss was significantly different 6 months after the intervention.
Male and long-term inpatients need oral hygiene instructions. Our educational program showed the effects of using oral hygiene tools. Future studies should include a control group to measure the impact of the educational program.
精神病患者的口腔卫生是精神科护理中的一个重要问题，提高这些患者的自我护理水平很有必要。在本研究中，我们向日本的精神病患者发放了一份口腔护理问卷，并比较了他们在参加一个教育项目之前（基线）以及参加后1周、1个月、3个月和6个月时的回答。
问卷发放给了390名患者。问卷包括有关年龄、教育程度、收入、餐间零食、牙齿数量、刷牙频率及其他项目的问题。该教育项目是为提高自我护理水平而制定的。
在项目实施前，睡前不刷牙的患者中，患有精神疾病≥10年的男性患者比例显著更高。此外，这类患者没有初级保健牙医，与女性患者相比，每年未进行常规牙科检查超过一次的男性患者比例显著更高。教育项目使干预后6个月时含氟牙膏的使用情况较基线有所改善（p = 0.001）。干预后6个月时，使用牙间刷或牙线的日常情况有显著差异。
男性患者和长期住院患者需要口腔卫生指导。我们的教育项目显示了使用口腔卫生工具的效果。未来的研究应纳入一个对照组来评估该教育项目的影响。
