Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Prev Med. 2017 Jul;100:152-158. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.020. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
The current state of child nutrition is critical. About 5.9 million children under the age of five still died worldwide with nearly half are attributable to undernutrition. One explanation is inequality in children's food consumption. One strategy to address inequality among the poor is conditional cash transfers (CCTs). Taking advantage of the two large clustered-randomized trials in Indonesia from 2007 to 2009, this paper provides evidence on the impact of household cash transfer (PKH) and community cash transfer (Generasi) on child's food consumption. The sample sizes are 14,000 households for PKH and 12,000 households for Generasi. After two years of implementation, difference-in-differences (DID) analyses show that both cash transfers lead to significant increases in food consumption particularly for protein-rich items. The programs significantly increase the consumption of milk and fish by up to 19% and 14% for PKH and Generasi, respectively. Both programs significantly reduce some measures of severe malnutrition. PKH significantly reduces the probability of wasting and severe wasting by 33% and 41% and Generasi significantly reduces the probability of being severely underweight by 47%. This underscores the potential of household and community cash transfers to fight undernutrition among the poor.
当前儿童营养状况严峻。全球仍有 590 万名五岁以下儿童死亡，其中近一半可归因于营养不良。儿童食物消费不平等是原因之一。解决贫困人口不平等问题的策略之一是有条件现金转移支付（CCT）。本文利用 2007 年至 2009 年印度尼西亚的两项大型集群随机对照试验，提供了关于家庭现金转移（PKH）和社区现金转移（Generasi）对儿童食物消费影响的证据。样本量分别为 PKH 的 14000 户和 Generasi 的 12000 户。实施两年后，差异分析显示，两种现金转移都显著增加了食物消费，特别是富含蛋白质的食物。这些项目显著增加了牛奶和鱼类的消费，PKH 和 Generasi 分别增加了 19%和 14%。这两个项目都显著减少了一些严重营养不良的指标。PKH 显著降低了消瘦和严重消瘦的概率，分别为 33%和 41%，Generasi 显著降低了严重体重不足的概率，为 47%。这凸显了家庭和社区现金转移在解决贫困人口营养不良问题方面的潜力。
