Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Nov 15;598:572-580. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.116. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Vegetable production systems are characterized by intense pesticide use, yet the effects on the surrounding environment are largely unknown and need to be studied. Given this knowledge gap, the objective of this work is to determine the impact of horticulture on a representative watercourse by conducting an integrated study of the occurrence and concentration of pesticides in bottom sediments and their relation to lethal and sublethal effects on benthic fauna. Two sampling campaigns were conducted during seasons of low and high pesticide application in five sites along the Carnaval creek, located in the peri-urban area of La Plata City (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The samples were tested for 36 pesticide compounds by GC-MS and LC-MS, and whole-sediment laboratory toxicity tests were performed using the native amphipod Hyalella curvispina. The results showed a general but variable distribution in the concentrations detected along the stream. For each sampling campaign (first/second), the total pesticide loads, measured as the sum of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, were 1080/2329, 3715/88, and 367/5ngg dw, respectively. Lethal and sublethal effects were observed in both sampling campaigns. In order to correlate both sets of results, data were assessed by multivariate analysis, including principal component analysis. The observed toxicity was considered to be mainly due to insecticides; thus, horticultural practices have an impact on nearby watercourses and can potentially endanger the benthic fauna. This is the first study in Argentina to assess the impact of pesticides on aquatic environments close to horticultural production areas.
蔬菜生产系统的特点是大量使用农药，但对周围环境的影响在很大程度上是未知的，需要进行研究。考虑到这一知识空白，本工作的目的是通过综合研究底泥中农药的出现和浓度及其与底栖动物的致死和亚致死效应的关系，来确定园艺对代表性水道的影响。在两次采样活动中，低农药应用季节和高农药应用季节分别在拉普拉塔市（阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯）郊区的卡纳瓦尔溪的五个地点进行了采样。使用 GC-MS 和 LC-MS 对 36 种农药化合物进行了测试，并使用本地的两栖动物秀丽隐杆线虫进行了全底泥实验室毒性测试。结果表明，在溪流中检测到的浓度存在一般但变化的分布。对于每个采样活动（第一次/第二次），总农药负荷，以除草剂、杀虫剂和杀菌剂的总和来衡量，分别为 1080/2329、3715/88 和 367/5ngg dw。在两次采样活动中都观察到了致死和亚致死效应。为了将这两组结果进行关联，对数据进行了多元分析，包括主成分分析。观察到的毒性主要归因于杀虫剂；因此，园艺实践对附近的水道有影响，并可能对底栖动物造成危害。这是阿根廷首次评估靠近园艺生产区的水生环境中农药的影响。
