Giménez-Moolhuyzen Miguel, Blom Jan van der, Lorenzo-Mínguez Pilar, Cabello Tomás, Crisol-Martínez Eduardo
Department of Economy and Business, University of Almeria, C\ Universidad de Almeria, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Almeria, Spain.
Department of Crop Production Techniques, COEXPHAL (Association of Vegetable and Fruit Growers of Almeria), C\ Esteban Murillo, 3, 04746 La Mojonera, Almeria, Spain.
Insects. 2020 Jan 21;11(2):69. doi: 10.3390/insects11020069.
Although a large number of pesticides of different compositions are regularly used in agriculture, the impact of pesticides on the physiology of field crops is not well understood. Pesticides can produce negative effects on crop physiology-especially on photosynthesis-leading to a potential decrease in both the growth and the yield of crops. To investigate these potential effects in greenhouse sweet peppers, the effect of 20 insecticides and 2 fungicides (each sprayed with a wetting agent) on the photosynthesis of sweet pepper leaves was analyzed. Among these pesticides, nine caused significant reductions in photosynthetic activity. The effects were observed in distinctive ways-either as a transitory drop of the photosynthetic-rate values, which was observed at two hours after the treatment and was found to have recovered after 24 h, or as a sustained reduction of these values, which remained substantial over a number of days. The results of this study suggest that the production of a crop may substantially benefit when the frequent use of pesticides can be substituted with alternative pest control methods (e.g., biological control). Our results advocate further investigation of the potential impact of pesticides, either alone or in combination, on the photosynthesis of crop plants.
尽管农业中经常使用大量成分各异的农药，但农药对大田作物生理的影响尚未得到充分了解。农药会对作物生理产生负面影响，尤其是对光合作用，从而可能导致作物生长和产量下降。为了研究这些潜在影响在温室甜椒中的情况，分析了20种杀虫剂和2种杀菌剂（每种均与一种湿润剂混合喷洒）对甜椒叶片光合作用的影响。在这些农药中，有9种导致光合活性显著降低。这些影响以不同方式显现——要么是光合速率值出现短暂下降，在处理后两小时观察到，24小时后恢复；要么是这些值持续降低，在数天内仍保持显著。本研究结果表明，当频繁使用农药可被替代害虫控制方法（如生物防治）取代时，作物产量可能会大幅受益。我们的结果主张进一步研究农药单独或组合使用对作物光合作用的潜在影响。
