The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Czech University of Life Sciences, Institute of Education and Communication, Prague, Czech Republic.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2017 Jul;117:75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Research based on self-reported data often indicates that women are the more emotional sex. The present study examined differences in emotion between the sexes across two components of the emotional process: subjective experience and physiological reactions to emotional stimuli. During the experimental study, participants (N=124; 22.5±2.88; 51 males) subjectively rated their emotional experience (valence and intensity) towards presented positive and negative affective stimuli, while physiological reactions (facial electromyography, heart rate, skin conductance, and finger skin temperature) were measured during expositions. Results from self-reports suggest that women declared more intensive emotional experiences for positive and negative stimuli and rated negative stimuli as more negative in comparison to men. Physiological measurements showed differences between the sexes in the physiological baseline measurements (facial electromyography, skin conductance and finger skin temperature). However, physiological responses towards positive or negative emotional stimuli did not prove to be different between men and women, except for finger skin temperature. Relations between self-reported subjective experiences and physiological changes were weak and insignificant. Collectively, our findings suggest certain emotional differences experienced between men and women. These differences can be found specifically in self-reported subjective experiences, while significant differences were not predominantly present in recorded physiological reactions.
基于自我报告数据的研究常常表明女性更具情感。本研究通过两个情绪过程的组成部分来检验两性之间的情绪差异：主观体验和对情绪刺激的生理反应。在实验研究中，参与者（N=124；22.5±2.88；51 名男性）对呈现的积极和消极情感刺激的主观体验（效价和强度）进行了评估，同时在呈现过程中测量了生理反应（面部肌电图、心率、皮肤电导和手指皮肤温度）。自我报告的结果表明，女性对积极和消极刺激的体验强度比男性更强烈，并认为消极刺激比男性更消极。生理测量显示，在生理基线测量（面部肌电图、皮肤电导和手指皮肤温度）方面，两性之间存在差异。然而，除了手指皮肤温度外，男性和女性对积极或消极情绪刺激的生理反应没有差异。自我报告的主观体验与生理变化之间的关系较弱且无意义。总的来说，我们的发现表明男性和女性之间存在某些情绪差异。这些差异可以在自我报告的主观体验中找到，而在记录的生理反应中则没有明显差异。
