National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, CEP: 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), CEP: 18012 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, CEP: 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Nov 15;598:722-732. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.128. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
Data on exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides in the Brazilian population are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of serum levels of OC pesticides in Brazilian blood donors and to determine factors potentially influencing exposure levels. To conduct this biomonitoring survey, blood samples were collected from blood donors attending the Hematherapic Unit in Rio Branco, North of Brazil, in 2010-2011. A total of 1183 (99%) subjects answered to a questionnaire including information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Twenty four OC pesticides were measured in serum samples from 978 donors (82%). Associations of OC pesticide serum levels and the number of OCs detected per donor with their potential predictors were explored by logistic and Poisson regression, respectively. Of the 24 OC pesticides analyzed, the highest prevalence was observed for p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethane (p,p'-DDE) (32%), followed by lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) (20%), heptachlor (16%), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) (13%). 95th percentiles of levels of these four OC pesticides were: 3.85ng/mL (p,p'-DDE) (median<0.09ng/mL), 0.09ng/mL (lindane) (median<0.04ng/mL), 0.23ng/mL (heptachlor) (median<0.09ng/mL), and 0.27ng/mL (p,p'-DDT) (median<0.02ng/mL). Factors significantly associated with a more frequent detection of OC pesticides included age, gender, education, and frequency of fish, manioc flour, açai pulp, and Brazil nuts intake. Major predictors of the number of OC pesticides detected were age, marital status, income, education, and frequency of consumption of manioc flour, açai pulp, and Brazil nuts. For the first time in Brazil, a biomonitoring study has assessed the internal doses of OC pesticides in a large sample of the adult population and potential exposure determinants. Except for lindane, which was permitted for use as a wood preservative until 2007 in Brazil, occurrence of OC pesticides was lower than or in the same range as those observed in other countries.
巴西人群中有关有机氯（OC）农药暴露的数据尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查巴西献血者血清中 OC 农药的分布情况，并确定可能影响暴露水平的因素。为了进行这项生物监测调查，于 2010-2011 年从巴西北里奥格兰德州 Hematherapic 单位的献血者采集了血样。共有 1183 名（99%）受试者回答了一份问卷，内容包括社会人口统计学、生活方式和饮食习惯信息。从 978 名供体的血清样本中检测了 24 种 OC 农药（82%）。分别采用逻辑回归和泊松回归探讨 OC 农药血清水平和每位供体检测到的 OC 数量与潜在预测因子之间的关联。在所分析的 24 种 OC 农药中，p,p'-二氯二苯乙烷（p,p'-DDE）的检出率最高（32%），其次是林丹（γ-六氯环己烷）（20%）、七氯（16%）和 p,p'-二氯二苯三氯乙烷（p,p'-DDT）（13%）。这四种 OC 农药的 95%百分位数水平分别为：3.85ng/mL（p,p'-DDE）（中位数<0.09ng/mL）、0.09ng/mL（林丹）（中位数<0.04ng/mL）、0.23ng/mL（七氯）（中位数<0.09ng/mL）和 0.27ng/mL（p,p'-DDT）（中位数<0.02ng/mL）。与 OC 农药检出频率较高显著相关的因素包括年龄、性别、教育程度以及鱼类、木薯粉、巴西莓果浆和巴西坚果的摄入频率。OC 农药检出数量的主要预测因素包括年龄、婚姻状况、收入、教育程度以及木薯粉、巴西莓果浆和巴西坚果的消费频率。这是巴西首次在大型成人人群中评估 OC 农药的内剂量和潜在暴露决定因素的生物监测研究。除林丹外，林丹在巴西一直被允许用作木材防腐剂，直至 2007 年，巴西 OC 农药的检出率低于或与其他国家的检出率相当。
