Haley Patrick J
Independent Consultant specializing in Immunotoxicology and Immunopathology, 852 Penns Way, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA 19382.
J Toxicol Pathol. 2017 Apr;30(2):111-123. doi: 10.1293/tox.2016-0075. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
While an understanding of the structure and function of a generically described immune system is essential in contemporary biomedicine, it is clear that a one-size-fits-all approach applied across multiple species is fraught with contradictions and inconsistencies. Nevertheless, the breakthroughs achieved in immunology following the application of observations in murine systems to that of man have been pivotal in the advancement of biology and human medicine. However, as additional species have been used to further address biologic and safety assessment questions relative to the structure and function of the immune system, it has become clear that there are differences across species, gender, age and strain that must be considered. The meaningfulness of these differences must be determined on a case-by-case basis. This review article attempts to collect, consolidate and discuss some of these species differences thereby aiding in the accurate placement of new observations in a proper immunobiological and immunopathological perspective.
虽然了解一般描述的免疫系统的结构和功能在当代生物医学中至关重要，但显然，将一种适用于所有物种的方法应用于多个物种充满了矛盾和不一致之处。然而，将小鼠系统中的观察结果应用于人类后，免疫学取得的突破对生物学和人类医学的进步起到了关键作用。然而，随着越来越多的物种被用于进一步解决与免疫系统结构和功能相关的生物学和安全性评估问题，很明显，不同物种、性别、年龄和品系之间存在差异，必须加以考虑。这些差异的意义必须逐案确定。这篇综述文章试图收集、整理和讨论其中的一些物种差异，从而有助于从适当的免疫生物学和免疫病理学角度准确地看待新的观察结果。
