a Department of Pharmacology , Biocenter, Goethe-University , Frankfurt/M , Germany.
b Neurobiological laboratory, Department of Psychiatry , Basel , Switzerland.
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Mar;20(3):173-189. doi: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1308552. Epub 2017 May 2.
The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction as an important common pathomechanism for the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders from cognitive symptoms in the elderly over mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia. Thus, a drug such as the Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 which improves mitochondrial function should be able to ameliorate cognitive deficits over the whole aging spectrum.
We review the most relevant publications about effects of EGb 761 on cognition and synaptic deficits in preclinical studies as well as on cognitive deficits in man from aging to dementia.
EGb 761 improves mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment over the whole spectrum of age-associated cognitive disorders in relevant animal models and in vitro experiments, and also shows clinical efficacy in improving cognition over the whole range from aging to Alzheimer's or even vascular dementia.
EGb 761 shows clinical efficacy in the treatment of cognitive deficits over the whole spectrum of age-associated memory disorders. Thus, EGb 761 can serve as an important pharmacological argument for the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia.
痴呆的线粒体级联假说假设线粒体功能障碍是与年龄相关的记忆障碍的整个谱系（从老年人的认知症状到轻度认知障碍再到阿尔茨海默病）的一个重要共同病理机制。因此，一种药物，如银杏特殊提取物 EGb 761，它可以改善线粒体功能，应该能够改善整个衰老过程中的认知缺陷。
我们回顾了关于 EGb 761 在认知和突触缺陷方面的最相关的研究进展，包括在衰老至痴呆症的人类中的认知缺陷。
EGb 761 在相关动物模型和体外实验中改善了与年龄相关的认知障碍的整个谱系中的线粒体功能障碍和认知障碍，并且在改善从衰老到阿尔茨海默病甚至血管性痴呆的整个范围内的认知方面也显示出临床疗效。
EGb 761 在治疗与年龄相关的记忆障碍的整个谱系中的认知缺陷方面显示出临床疗效。因此，EGb 761 可以作为痴呆症的线粒体级联假说的重要药理学论据。
