Helmi Nawal, Bashir Mawahib, Shireen Ayesha, Ahmed Iffat Mirza
Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MD Pathology, Assistant Professor, Basic Science Department, Al-Farabi College of Dentistry & Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Electron Physician. 2017 Mar 25;9(3):4003-4008. doi: 10.19082/4003. eCollection 2017 Mar.
Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that involves abnormal haemoglobin formation. The two main categories of thalassemia are alpha and beta thalassemia that are then divided into further subcategories. While some mild forms of thalassemia might even go unnoticed and only cause mild anaemia and iron deficiency problems in patients, other more severe forms of thalassemia can even result in death. Individuals with thalassemia can get treatment according to the level of severity of their condition. The main oral manifestations of thalassemia are Class II malocclusion, maxillary protrusion, high caries index, severe gingivitis. Any dental surgical procedure for such patients should be done under antibiotic cover and immediately after transfusion. Caution should be exercised in thalassemia patients due to complications related to compromised immunity and cardiovascular issues. Multidisciplinary approach involving dental surgeon, haematologist and orthodontist is the best advised approach.
地中海贫血是一种涉及异常血红蛋白形成的遗传性疾病。地中海贫血主要分为α型和β型，然后再进一步细分。虽然一些轻度地中海贫血形式甚至可能未被察觉，仅在患者中引起轻度贫血和缺铁问题，但其他更严重的地中海贫血形式甚至可能导致死亡。地中海贫血患者可根据病情严重程度接受治疗。地中海贫血的主要口腔表现为Ⅱ类错牙合、上颌前突、高龋指数、严重牙龈炎。对此类患者进行任何牙科手术都应在抗生素覆盖下并在输血后立即进行。由于与免疫功能受损和心血管问题相关的并发症，地中海贫血患者应谨慎行事。建议采用由牙科外科医生、血液科医生和正畸医生组成的多学科方法。
