Burns John A, Zhang Huanjia, Hill Elizabeth, Kim Eunsoo, Kerney Ryan
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States.
Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States.
Elife. 2017 May 2;6:e22054. doi: 10.7554/eLife.22054.
During embryonic development, cells of the green alga enter cells of the salamander forming an endosymbiosis. Here, using dual-RNA seq, we compared the host salamander cells that harbored intracellular algae to those without algae and the algae inside the animal cells to those in the egg capsule. This two-by-two-way analysis revealed that intracellular algae exhibit hallmarks of cellular stress and undergo a striking metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism to fermentation. Culturing experiments with the alga showed that glutamine may be utilized by the algal as a primary nitrogen source. Transcriptional changes in salamander cells suggest an innate immune response to the alga, with potential attenuation of NF-κB, and metabolic alterations indicative of modulation of insulin sensitivity. In stark contrast to its algal endosymbiont, the salamander cells did not exhibit major stress responses, suggesting that the host cell experience is neutral or beneficial.
在胚胎发育过程中，绿藻细胞进入蝾螈细胞，形成内共生关系。在此，我们使用双RNA测序，将含有细胞内藻类的宿主蝾螈细胞与不含藻类的细胞进行比较，并将动物细胞内的藻类与卵囊中的藻类进行比较。这种两两比较分析表明，细胞内藻类呈现出细胞应激的特征，并经历了从氧化代谢到发酵的显著代谢转变。对该藻类进行的培养实验表明，谷氨酰胺可能被藻类用作主要氮源。蝾螈细胞的转录变化表明对藻类有先天免疫反应，NF-κB可能会减弱，且代谢改变表明胰岛素敏感性受到调节。与它的藻类内共生体形成鲜明对比的是，蝾螈细胞没有表现出主要的应激反应，这表明宿主细胞的体验是中性的或有益的。
