Skovmand Astrid, Damiao Gouveia Ana Cecilia, Koponen Ismo Kalevi, Møller Peter, Loft Steffen, Roursgaard Martin
Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Toxicol Lett. 2017 Jul 5;276:31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.04.015. Epub 2017 Apr 29.
Candle burning produces a large amount of particles that contribute substantially to the exposure to indoor particulate matter. The exposures to various types of combustion particles, such as diesel exhaust particles, have been associated with increased risk of lung cancer by mechanisms that involve oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. The aim of this study was to compare pulmonary effects of candle light combustion particles (CP) with two benchmark diesel exhaust particles (A-DEP and SRM2975). Intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of CP (5mg/kg bodyweight) in C57BL/6n mice produced a significant influx of alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and increased concentrations of proteins and lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar fluid. Lower levels of these markers of inflammation and cytotoxicity were observed after i.t. instillation of the same dose of A-DEP or SRM2975. The i.t. instillation of CP did not generate oxidative damage to DNA in lung tissue, measured as DNA strand breaks and human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-sensitive sites by the comet assay. The lack of genotoxic response was confirmed in lung epithelial (A549) cells, although the exposure to CP increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, pulmonary exposure to particles from burning candles is associated with inflammation and cytotoxicity in the lungs.
蜡烛燃烧会产生大量颗粒，这些颗粒在很大程度上导致了室内颗粒物的暴露。接触各种类型的燃烧颗粒，如柴油废气颗粒，通过涉及氧化应激、炎症和基因毒性的机制，与肺癌风险增加相关。本研究的目的是比较烛光燃烧颗粒（CP）与两种基准柴油废气颗粒（A-DEP和SRM2975）对肺部的影响。在C57BL/6n小鼠中气管内（i.t.）注入CP（5mg/kg体重）会导致肺泡巨噬细胞和多形核白细胞大量涌入，并增加支气管肺泡灌洗液中的蛋白质浓度和乳酸脱氢酶活性。在气管内注入相同剂量的A-DEP或SRM2975后，观察到这些炎症和细胞毒性标志物的水平较低。通过彗星试验测量，气管内注入CP并未对肺组织中的DNA产生氧化损伤，即DNA链断裂和人8-氧代鸟嘌呤糖基化酶敏感位点。尽管接触CP会增加细胞内活性氧的水平，但在肺上皮（A549）细胞中证实缺乏基因毒性反应。总之，肺部接触燃烧蜡烛产生的颗粒与肺部炎症和细胞毒性有关。
