Galle Peter Robert
I. Medical Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Dig Dis. 2017;35(4):384-386. doi: 10.1159/000456591. Epub 2017 May 3.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC represents more than 90% of primary liver cancers. There is growing incidence of HCC worldwide. In the western world, HCC arises in a cirrhotic background in up to 90% of cases, and cirrhosis itself is a progressive disease that affects patient survival. Thus, outcome in patients with HCC and the chances for anti-tumor treatment and it is results are dependent not only on tumor-associated factors but also on the liver function. Cholangio carcinoma is the second most common primary liver tumor with an estimated incidence of 1:100,000. Cholangiocarcinoma can be sub-classified as intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar or distal where iCCA arises within the liver parenchyma. Overall, the incidence of iCCA seems to be increasing globally. This may be attributed to a global increase of risk factors shared between HCC and iCCA, such as viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, NASH, and others.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡的第三大常见原因。HCC占原发性肝癌的90%以上。全球HCC的发病率呈上升趋势。在西方世界，高达90%的HCC病例发生在肝硬化背景下，而肝硬化本身是一种影响患者生存的进行性疾病。因此，HCC患者的预后以及抗肿瘤治疗的机会和结果不仅取决于肿瘤相关因素，还取决于肝功能。胆管癌是第二常见的原发性肝肿瘤，估计发病率为1:100,000。胆管癌可细分为肝内型（iCCA）、肝门周围型或远端型，其中iCCA发生在肝实质内。总体而言，全球iCCA的发病率似乎在上升。这可能归因于HCC和iCCA之间共同的危险因素在全球范围内增加，如病毒性肝炎、肝硬化、糖尿病、肥胖、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎等。
