Hwang Kun, Ki So Jung, Ko Sang Hyun
*Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University Hospital †Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.
J Craniofac Surg. 2017 May;28(3):785-788. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003477.
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the etiology of nasal bone fractures (NBFs).In PubMed (500 titles) and Scopus (272), the search terms "nasal bone fracture" AND "etiology OR cause" were used. Among the 772 titles, 137 were duplicated and excluded. The 552 titles were excluded and 83 abstracts were read. Subsequently, 42 abstracts were excluded and 41 full articles providing data on etiologies of NBFs were reviewed. Finally, 26 papers were incorporated into this analysis.The causes of NBFs were different between adults and children. In adults, the most frequent causes were fights (36.3%), traffic accidents (20.8%), sports (15.3%), and falls (13.4%). In children, the most frequent causes were sports (59.3%), fights (10.8%), traffic accidents (8.3%), collisions (5.0%), and falls (3.3%). It is noticeable that fights, traffic accidents, and falls were more frequent in adults than in children, although sports and collisions were more frequent in children than in adults (P < 0.001). The causes of NBFs varied geographically. Fights were the most frequent cause in Asia (36.7%), South America (46.5%), and Europe (40.8%). In North America, however, traffic accidents were the most frequent cause (33.6%), followed by fights (20.7%) and sports (17.3%). Among the sports injuries, ball-related sports were the most frequent cause (84.2%). Fighting-related sports (6.4%) contributed to relatively small proportion of NBFs.In efforts to prevent NBFs in children, sports injuries should be primarily considered. Restraining devices such as seatbelts are needed to prevent NBFs caused by traffic accidents, especially in North America.
本研究的目的是对鼻骨骨折（NBFs）的病因进行系统综述。在PubMed（500篇标题）和Scopus（272篇）中，使用了搜索词“鼻骨骨折”和“病因或原因”。在772篇标题中，137篇重复并被排除。排除552篇标题，阅读了83篇摘要。随后，排除42篇摘要，审查了41篇提供NBFs病因数据的全文。最后，26篇论文纳入本分析。
成人和儿童NBFs的病因不同。在成人中，最常见的病因是打架（36.3%）、交通事故（20.8%）、运动（15.3%）和跌倒（13.4%）。在儿童中，最常见的病因是运动（59.3%）、打架（10.8%）、交通事故（8.3%）、碰撞（5.0%）和跌倒（3.3%）。值得注意的是，打架、交通事故和跌倒在成人中比在儿童中更常见，尽管运动和碰撞在儿童中比在成人中更常见（P<0.001）。NBFs的病因因地域而异。打架是亚洲（36.7%）、南美洲（46.5%）和欧洲（40.8%）最常见的病因。然而，在北美，交通事故是最常见的病因（33.6%），其次是打架（20.7%）和运动（17.3%）。在运动损伤中，球类运动是最常见的病因（84.2%）。与打架相关的运动（6.4%）导致NBFs的比例相对较小。
为预防儿童NBFs，应首先考虑运动损伤。需要安全带等约束装置来预防交通事故导致的NBFs，尤其是在北美。
