Sheervalilou Roghayeh, Shirvaliloo Sakine, Fekri Aval Sedigheh, Khamaneh Amir Mahdi, Sharifi Akbar, Ansarin Khalil, Zarghami Nosratollah
1 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Tumour Biol. 2017 May;39(5):1010428317695032. doi: 10.1177/1010428317695032.
Lung cancer stands among the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Although the molecular network implicated in lung cancer development is extensively revealed, the mortality rate is only slightly improved. MicroRNAs are small, endogenous single-stranded evolutionary conserved non-coding RNAs which involve in a wide variety of biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. MicroRNAs, as novel biomarkers, have multiple functions in normal lung tissue development, and aberrant expression profiles of certain microRNAs could induce lung tumorigenesis. Similar to that of protein-coding genes, microRNA expression and function are regulated by multiple factors as well as the epigenetic network including DNA methylation and histone modification mechanisms. Furthermore, microRNAs can themselves regulate key enzymes which drive epigenetic modifications and have a pivotal effect on the cell biology. In this review, we will look into the regulatory loop linkage between microRNA expression and epigenetic modifications, and then, we will discuss the effects of epigenetics on the miRNome, as well as the role of epi-microRNAs in controlling the epigenome in human lung cancer. Better knowledge of reciprocal connection between microRNAs and epigenome will help to develop novel microRNA-orientated diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies related to human lung cancer in future.
肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。尽管与肺癌发生相关的分子网络已被广泛揭示，但死亡率仅略有改善。微小RNA是一类小的、内源性的、进化保守的单链非编码RNA，参与包括细胞生长、增殖、代谢和分化在内的多种生物学过程。微小RNA作为新型生物标志物，在正常肺组织发育中具有多种功能，某些微小RNA的异常表达谱可诱导肺癌发生。与蛋白质编码基因类似，微小RNA的表达和功能也受多种因素以及包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰机制在内的表观遗传网络调控。此外，微小RNA自身可调控驱动表观遗传修饰的关键酶，并对细胞生物学产生关键影响。在本综述中，我们将探究微小RNA表达与表观遗传修饰之间的调控环联系，然后讨论表观遗传学对微小RNA组的影响，以及表观微小RNA在调控人类肺癌表观基因组中的作用。更好地了解微小RNA与表观基因组之间的相互联系，将有助于未来开发与人类肺癌相关的新型微小RNA导向的诊断、预后和治疗策略。
