Jørs Erik, Aramayo Antonio, Huici Omar, Konradsen Flemming, Gulis Gabriel
Clinic of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.
Environ Health Insights. 2017 Apr 12;11:1178630217703390. doi: 10.1177/1178630217703390. eCollection 2017.
Integrated pest management (IPM) with an increased used of ecological farming methods and less and safer use of pesticides offers solutions to reduce risks of developing pest resistance, human poisoning, and environmental pollution. Despite being promoted by Food and Agriculture Organization and others, it has not spread readily in low-income countries. This article presents the opinions of Bolivian farmers and agronomists on perceived obstacles and opportunities for a diffusion of IPM. Focus group discussions revealed an increased workload without certainty of higher yields or better prices for products grown with IPM compared with traditional agriculture being hindrances for a spread of IPM. Moreover, IPM requires some new practices not that easy to learn by farmers. In favor of IPM was an increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy and sustainable food production, easiness to try out without expensive investments needed, and a higher quality of the products. A healthy and sustainable agricultural production should be promoted by support to farmers through IPM training, a certification, and better prices. Finding allies to such a promotion is not easy, though, according to both farmers and agronomists.
综合虫害管理（IPM）增加了生态农业方法的使用，并减少了农药的使用量且使其更安全，为降低害虫抗药性、人体中毒和环境污染风险提供了解决方案。尽管得到了联合国粮食及农业组织及其他方面的推广，但在低收入国家它并未迅速普及。本文介绍了玻利维亚农民和农学家对IPM推广过程中所面临的障碍和机遇的看法。焦点小组讨论显示，与传统农业相比，采用IPM种植的产品产量不一定更高，价格也不一定更好，但工作量却增加了，这成为IPM推广的障碍。此外，IPM需要一些农民不太容易掌握的新做法。支持IPM的因素包括人们越来越意识到健康和可持续粮食生产的重要性、无需高额投资即可轻松尝试，以及产品质量更高。应通过IPM培训、认证和更好的价格来支持农民，以促进健康和可持续的农业生产。不过，据农民和农学家称，要找到支持这种推广的盟友并非易事。
