Hruska Allan J, Corriols Marianela
CARE Nicaragua, Managua.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2002 Jul-Sep;8(3):191-200. doi: 10.1179/107735202800338777.
To assess the impact of training resource-poor maize farmers on the Pacific Plain of Nicaragua in the use of integrated pest management (IPM), 1,200 farmers received training during two years. CARE trained 13 extensionists and they provided intensive training to 60 promoter-farmers, who trained the 1,200 farmers. The farmers were trained in: the dangers of pesticides, recognition of the important organisms (pests and beneficials) in their fields, the biology and ecology of the organisms, how to determine pest population levels, how to choose the best method and product for control, and how to make decisions in the fields according to their new understanding and simple cost-benefit analysis. Three groups of farmers were monitored for two years: the intensively trained farmers (60 promoter-farmers), the trained farmers (1,200), and a group of "control" farmers who did not receive training during the first two years. After two years, the trained farmers used fewer pesticides, spent less money on pest control, made higher net returns, and suffered less exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides than did farmers who did not receive IPM training. In addition, a comparison of cholinesterase levels of farmers who used personal protective equipment showed no reduction of exposure to organophosphate insecticides, compared with farmers who did not use the equipment.
为评估培训资源匮乏的尼加拉瓜太平洋平原玉米种植户对综合病虫害管理（IPM）的使用情况，在两年时间里，1200名农民接受了培训。美国援外合作署培训了13名推广人员，他们对60名示范农户进行了强化培训，这60名示范农户再培训1200名农民。培训内容包括：农药的危害、识别田间重要生物（害虫和益虫）、这些生物的生物学和生态学知识、如何确定害虫种群水平、如何选择最佳防治方法和产品，以及如何根据新的认识和简单的成本效益分析在田间做出决策。对三组农民进行了为期两年的监测：强化培训的农民（60名示范农户）、接受培训的农民（1200名），以及在前两年未接受培训的“对照”农户组。两年后，与未接受IPM培训的农民相比，接受培训的农民使用的农药更少，在病虫害防治上花费的资金更少，获得的净收益更高，接触胆碱酯酶抑制性农药的机会也更少。此外，使用个人防护装备的农民与未使用该装备的农民相比，胆碱酯酶水平的比较显示，接触有机磷杀虫剂的情况并未减少。
