Rojiani Rahil, Santoyo Juan F, Rahrig Hadley, Roth Harold D, Britton Willoughby B
Yale School of Medicine, New HavenCT, USA.
Contemplative Studies Initiative, Brown University, ProvidenceRI, USA.
Front Psychol. 2017 Apr 20;8:551. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00551. eCollection 2017.
While recent literature has shown that mindfulness training has positive effects on treating anxiety and depression, there has been virtually no research investigating whether effects differ across genders-despite the fact that men and women differ in clinically significant ways. The current study investigated whether college-based meditation training had different effects on negative affect for men and women. Seventy-seven university students (36 women, age = 20.7 ± 3.0 years) participated in 12-week courses with meditation training components. They completed self-report questionnaires of affect, mindfulness, and self-compassion before and after the course. Compared to men, women showed greater decreases in negative affect and greater increases on scales measuring mindfulness and self-compassion. Women's improvements in negative affect were correlated to improvements in measures of both mindfulness skills and self-compassion. In contrast, men showed non-significant increases in negative affect, and changes in affect were only correlated with ability to describe emotions, not any measures of experiential or self-acceptance. These findings suggest that women may have more favorable responses than men to school-based mindfulness training, and that the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions may be maximized by gender-specific modifications.
虽然最近的文献表明，正念训练对治疗焦虑和抑郁有积极作用，但实际上几乎没有研究调查其效果在不同性别之间是否存在差异——尽管男性和女性在临床上存在显著差异。本研究调查了基于大学的冥想训练对男性和女性负面影响的影响是否不同。77名大学生（36名女性，年龄=20.7±3.0岁）参加了为期12周的包含冥想训练内容的课程。他们在课程前后完成了关于情感、正念和自我同情的自我报告问卷。与男性相比，女性在负面影响方面的下降幅度更大，在正念和自我同情测量量表上的增加幅度也更大。女性负面影响的改善与正念技能和自我同情测量指标的改善相关。相比之下，男性的负面影响有不显著的增加，情感变化仅与描述情绪的能力相关，与任何体验或自我接受的测量指标均无关。这些发现表明，女性可能比男性对基于学校的正念训练有更积极的反应，并且基于正念的干预措施的有效性可能通过针对性别的调整而最大化。
