Wang Xu, Auchincloss Amy H, Barber Sharrelle, Mayne Stephanie L, Griswold Michael E, Sims Mario, Diez Roux Ana V
Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Health Place. 2017 May;45:199-207. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 May 5.
Few studies have focused on the impact of neighborhood social environment on changes in smoking and alcohol use over time among African Americans.
Jackson Heart Study participants were recruited from the Jackson, MS metropolitan area from 2000 to 2004. Neighborhood social environment was characterized using census-based neighborhood socio-economic status (NSES) and survey-derived perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, disorder, and violence. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of neighborhood social environment with prevalence of smoking and alcohol use and with changes in these behaviors over time adjusted for individual sociodemographic characteristics.
Participants (N=3166) resided in 108 census tracts. All neighborhood social environment variables were consistently associated with prevalence of current smoking at baseline (11%) and with persistence of smoking over a median of 8-years follow-up (8%). The odds of being a consistent smoker relative to never smoking was about 30% higher per 1SD higher neighborhood violence (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16-1.46) and disorder (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.47) and at least 16% lower per 1SD higher in neighborhood social cohesion (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.95) and NSES (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95). Heavy alcohol use at baseline (17%) and consistent heavy use over the study period (8%) were negatively associated with higher NSES (aOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.99 per 1SD increase in NSES).
Favorable neighborhood social environments may reduce unhealthy behaviors among African Americans.
很少有研究关注邻里社会环境对非裔美国人吸烟和饮酒行为随时间变化的影响。
从2000年至2004年在密西西比州杰克逊市大都市区招募杰克逊心脏研究参与者。邻里社会环境通过基于人口普查的邻里社会经济地位（NSES）以及通过调查得出的邻里社会凝聚力、混乱和暴力感知来表征。采用多项逻辑回归来估计邻里社会环境与吸烟和饮酒行为的患病率以及这些行为随时间的变化之间的关联，并对个体社会人口学特征进行了调整。
参与者（N = 3166）居住在108个人口普查区。所有邻里社会环境变量均与基线时当前吸烟的患病率（11%）以及在中位8年随访期间吸烟的持续性（8%）始终相关。相对于从不吸烟，每增加1个标准差的邻里暴力（调整后的比值比：1.30，95%置信区间：1.16 - 1.46）和混乱（调整后的比值比：1.26，95%置信区间：1.08 - 1.47），持续吸烟者的几率高出约30%，而每增加1个标准差的邻里社会凝聚力（调整后的比值比：0.84，95%置信区间：0.74 - 0.95）和NSES（调整后的比值比：0.79，95%置信区间：0.67 - 0.95），持续吸烟者的几率则至少低16%。基线时重度饮酒（17%）以及在研究期间持续重度饮酒（8%）与较高的NSES呈负相关（每增加1个标准差的NSES，调整后的比值比：0.85，95%置信区间：0.73 - 0.99）。
良好的邻里社会环境可能会减少非裔美国人的不健康行为。
