Fields Margaret A, Cole Pamela M, Maggi Mirella C
The Pennsylvania State University.
J Res Pers. 2017 Apr;67:106-119. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.05.007. Epub 2016 May 20.
We investigated the degree to which toddlers' observed emotional states, toddlers' temperamental traits, and their interaction accounted for variance in mothers' and fathers' parenting. Main effects of two emotional states (positive emotion and negative emotion), three temperamental traits (negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency) as well as state-by-trait interactions, were examined in relation to parental sensitivity, positive affect, and negative affect. The hypothesis that toddlers' temperamental traits would moderate the association between their observed emotional states and parenting was partially supported. Significant state-by-trait interactions were found in models predicting the probability that mothers and fathers expressed negative affect towards their toddlers. For parental sensitivity and positive affect, only main effects of temperament and/or emotion expression accounted for variance in parenting.
我们研究了幼儿观察到的情绪状态、气质特征及其互动对父母教养方式差异的影响程度。考察了两种情绪状态（积极情绪和消极情绪）、三种气质特征（消极情绪性、努力控制和外向性）的主效应以及状态与特征的交互作用与父母敏感性、积极情感和消极情感的关系。幼儿气质特征会调节其观察到的情绪状态与教养方式之间关联的假设得到了部分支持。在预测父母对幼儿表达消极情感可能性的模型中发现了显著的状态与特征交互作用。对于父母敏感性和积极情感，只有气质和/或情感表达的主效应解释了教养方式的差异。
