Tagaris Efthimios, Stergiou Ioannis, Sotiropoulou Rafaella-Eleni P
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50132, Kozani, Greece.
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50132, Kozani, Greece.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jun;24(17):14903-14909. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9046-x. Epub 2017 May 8.
The impact of shipping emissions on ozone mixing ratio over Europe is assessed for July 2006 using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system and the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research anthropogenic emission inventory. Results suggest that ship-induced ozone contribution to the total surface ozone exceeds 5% over the sea and near the coastline, while an increase up to 5% is simulated over a large portion of the European land. The largest impact (i.e., an increase up to 30%) is simulated over the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, shipping emissions are simulated to increase NO mixing ratio more than 90%, locally, and to modify the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere through hydroxyl radical formation (increase by 20-60% over the sea along the European coasts and near the coastal zone). Therefore, emissions from ships may counteract the benefits derived from the anthropogenic emissions reduction strategies over the continent. Simulations suggest regions where shipping emissions have a major impact on ozone mixing ratio compared to individual anthropogenic emission sector categories. Shipping emissions are estimated to play an important role on ozone levels compared to road transport sector near the coastal zone. The impact of shipping emissions on ozone formation is also profound over a great part of the European land compared to the rest of anthropogenic emission categories.
利用社区多尺度空气质量建模系统和荷兰应用科学研究组织的人为排放清单，对2006年7月航运排放对欧洲臭氧混合比的影响进行了评估。结果表明，船舶排放导致的臭氧对总地表臭氧的贡献在海上和海岸线附近超过5%，而在欧洲大部分陆地模拟增加高达5%。在地中海模拟出的影响最大（即增加高达30%）。此外，航运排放模拟显示局部地区一氧化氮混合比增加超过90%，并通过羟基自由基的形成改变大气的氧化能力（在欧洲沿海和沿海地区附近的海域增加20%-60%）。因此，船舶排放可能会抵消该大陆人为排放减少战略带来的益处。模拟结果表明了与各个人为排放部门类别相比，航运排放对臭氧混合比有重大影响的区域。与沿海地区附近的公路运输部门相比，航运排放估计对臭氧水平起着重要作用。与其他人为排放类别相比，航运排放在欧洲大部分陆地对臭氧形成的影响也很深远。
