LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany.
Ambio. 2017 Dec;46(Suppl 3):453-463. doi: 10.1007/s13280-017-0962-2.
Local emissions of Arctic air pollutants and their impacts on climate, ecosystems and health are poorly understood. Future increases due to Arctic warming or economic drivers may put additional pressures on the fragile Arctic environment already affected by mid-latitude air pollution. Aircraft data were collected, for the first time, downwind of shipping and petroleum extraction facilities in the European Arctic. Data analysis reveals discrepancies compared to commonly used emission inventories, highlighting missing emissions (e.g. drilling rigs) and the intermittent nature of certain emissions (e.g. flaring, shipping). Present-day shipping/petroleum extraction emissions already appear to be impacting pollutant (ozone, aerosols) levels along the Norwegian coast and are estimated to cool and warm the Arctic climate, respectively. Future increases in shipping may lead to short-term (long-term) warming (cooling) due to reduced sulphur (CO) emissions, and be detrimental to regional air quality (ozone). Further quantification of local Arctic emission impacts is needed.
北极地区空气污染物的本地排放及其对气候、生态系统和健康的影响还不甚清楚。由于北极变暖或经济驱动因素导致的未来排放增加，可能会给已经受到中纬度空气污染影响的脆弱北极环境带来额外的压力。首次在欧洲北极地区的航运和石油开采设施下风处收集了飞机数据。数据分析显示与常用排放清单存在差异，突出了一些排放（例如钻井平台）的缺失以及某些排放（例如燃烧、航运）的间歇性。目前的航运/石油开采排放似乎已经在影响沿挪威海岸的污染物（臭氧、气溶胶）水平，并分别估计会使北极气候冷却和变暖。由于硫（CO）排放减少，未来航运的增加可能会导致短期（长期）变暖（冷却），并对区域空气质量（臭氧）造成不利影响。需要进一步量化本地北极排放的影响。
