Watanabe Tokiko, Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo.
Uirusu. 2016;66(1):53-62. doi: 10.2222/jsv.66.53.
Since December 2013, West Africa has experienced the worst Ebola virus outbreak in recorded history. Of the 28,639 cases reported to the World Health Organization as of March 2016, nearly half (14,124) occurred in Sierra Leone. With a case fatality rate of approximately 40%, this outbreak has claimed the lives of 11,316 individuals. No FDA-approved vaccines or drugs are available to prevent or treat Ebola virus infection. Experimental vaccines and therapies are being developed; however, their safety and efficacy are still being evaluated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop control measures to prevent or limit future Ebola virus outbreaks.Previously, we developed a replication-defective Ebola virus that lacks the coding region for the essential viral transcription activator VP30 (Ebola ΔVP30 virus). Here, we evaluated the vaccine efficacy of Ebola ΔVP30 virus in a non-human primate model and describe our collaborative Ebola project in Sierra Leone.
自2013年12月以来，西非经历了有记录以来最严重的埃博拉病毒疫情。截至2016年3月向世界卫生组织报告的28639例病例中，近一半（14124例）发生在塞拉利昂。此次疫情的病死率约为40%，已导致11316人死亡。目前尚无美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的预防或治疗埃博拉病毒感染的疫苗或药物。正在研发实验性疫苗和疗法；然而，其安全性和有效性仍在评估中。因此，迫切需要制定控制措施以预防或限制未来的埃博拉病毒疫情。此前，我们研发了一种复制缺陷型埃博拉病毒，该病毒缺乏必需的病毒转录激活因子VP30的编码区（埃博拉ΔVP30病毒）。在此，我们在非人灵长类动物模型中评估了埃博拉ΔVP30病毒的疫苗效力，并描述了我们在塞拉利昂开展的埃博拉合作项目。
