Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 12A, Room 4047, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
Sci Rep. 2017 May 8;7(1):1572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01837-7.
Genetic and archaeological studies have established a sub-Saharan African origin for anatomically modern humans with subsequent migrations out of Africa. Using the largest multi-locus data set known to date, we investigated genetic differentiation of early modern humans, human admixture and migration events, and relationships among ancestries and language groups. We compiled publicly available genome-wide genotype data on 5,966 individuals from 282 global samples, representing 30 primary language families. The best evidence supports 21 ancestries that delineate genetic structure of present-day human populations. Independent of self-identified ethno-linguistic labels, the vast majority (97.3%) of individuals have mixed ancestry, with evidence of multiple ancestries in 96.8% of samples and on all continents. The data indicate that continents, ethno-linguistic groups, races, ethnicities, and individuals all show substantial ancestral heterogeneity. We estimated correlation coefficients ranging from 0.522 to 0.962 between ancestries and language families or branches. Ancestry data support the grouping of Kwadi-Khoe, Kx'a, and Tuu languages, support the exclusion of Omotic languages from the Afroasiatic language family, and do not support the proposed Dené-Yeniseian language family as a genetically valid grouping. Ancestry data yield insight into a deeper past than linguistic data can, while linguistic data provide clarity to ancestry data.
遗传和考古研究已经确定了具有解剖学现代特征的人类起源于撒哈拉以南非洲，随后人类从非洲迁徙出去。利用迄今为止最大的多基因座数据集，我们研究了早期现代人的遗传分化、人类混合和迁徙事件，以及祖先和语言群体之间的关系。我们编译了 282 个全球样本中 5966 个人的公开可用的全基因组基因型数据，这些样本代表了 30 个主要语言家族。最好的证据支持 21 个祖先，这些祖先划定了当今人类群体的遗传结构。与自我认同的民族语言标签无关，绝大多数（97.3%）个体具有混合祖先，96.8%的样本和所有大陆都有多个祖先的证据。这些数据表明，各大洲、民族语言群体、种族、族群和个体都表现出显著的祖先异质性。我们估计了祖先和语言家族或分支之间的相关系数，范围从 0.522 到 0.962。祖先数据支持将 Kwadi-Khoe、Kx'a 和 Tuu 语言归为一组，支持将 Omotic 语言排除在 Afroasiatic 语系之外，不支持将提议的 Dené-Yeniseian 语系作为一个具有遗传有效性的分组。与语言数据相比，祖先数据更能深入了解过去，而语言数据则使祖先数据更加清晰。
