Djurhuus Anni, Mikalsen Svein-Ole, Giebel Helge-Ansgar, Rogers Alex D
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS UK.
Department of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, Noatun 3, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Apr 12;4(4):160829. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160829. eCollection 2017 Apr.
There are still notable gaps regarding the detailed distribution of microorganisms between and within insular habitats such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This study investigates the community composition of black smoker vent microorganisms in the Southern Hemisphere, and changes thereof along a spatial and chemical gradient ranging from the vent plume to surrounding waters. We sampled two hydrothermal vent fields, one at the South West Indian Ridge (SWIR), the other at the East Scotia Ridge (ESR). Samples were collected across vent fields at varying vertical distances from the origin of the plumes. The microbial data were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform for the 16SrRNA gene. A substantial amount of vent-specific putative chemosynthetic microorganisms were found, particularly in samples from focused hydrothermal venting. Common vent-specific organisms from both vent fields were the genera , and from the Epsilonproteobacteria and the SUP05 group from the Gammaproteobacteria. There were no major differences in microbial composition between SWIR and ESR for focused plume samples. However, within the ESR the diffuse flow and focused samples differed significantly in microbial community composition and relative abundance. For Epsilonproteobacteria, we found evidence of niche-specificity to hydrothermal vent environments. This taxon decreased in abundance by three orders of magnitude from the vent orifice to background water. Epsilonproteobacteria distribution followed a distance-decay relationship as vent-effluents mixed with the surrounding seawater. This study demonstrates strong habitat affinity of vent microorganisms on a metre scale with distinct environmental selection.
关于微生物在诸如深海热液喷口等岛屿栖息地之间及内部的详细分布，仍然存在显著差距。本研究调查了南半球黑烟囱喷口微生物的群落组成，以及从喷口羽流到周围水体沿空间和化学梯度的变化情况。我们对两个热液喷口区进行了采样，一个位于西南印度洋海岭（SWIR），另一个位于东斯科舍海岭（ESR）。在喷口区不同垂直距离处，从羽流源头开始采集样本。微生物数据在Illumina MiSeq平台上对16SrRNA基因进行测序。发现了大量特定于喷口的假定化学合成微生物，特别是在集中热液排放的样本中。两个喷口区共有的特定于喷口的生物是来自ε-变形菌纲的 属、 属和 属，以及来自γ-变形菌纲的SUP05组。对于集中羽流样本，SWIR和ESR之间的微生物组成没有重大差异。然而，在ESR内部，扩散流样本和集中样本在微生物群落组成和相对丰度上有显著差异。对于ε-变形菌纲，我们发现了其对热液喷口环境具有生态位特异性的证据。从喷口孔到背景水体，这个分类群的丰度下降了三个数量级。随着喷口流出物与周围海水混合，ε-变形菌纲的分布呈现出距离衰减关系。本研究表明，在米级尺度上，喷口微生物具有很强的栖息地亲和力，且存在明显的环境选择。
