Ye Zhong-jie, Liu Qi-peng, Cen Shan, Li Xiao-yu
Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Yi Chuan. 2017 May 20;39(5):368-376. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.17-047.
The retrotransposon LINE-1 is the largest transposon family of humans with an estimated 500 000 copies representing 17% of the human genome. Meanwhile, it is also the sole autonomous transposon in humans. The reverse transcriptase encoded by LINE-1 is the key component required for its transposition process. Recent evidence suggests that the LINE-1-encoded reverse transcriptase is involved in many important physiological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis. The inhibition of LINE-1-encoded reverse transcriptase inhibits tumor progression, restores cancer cell differentiation and reprograms global transcription profiles. In this review, we summarize newly emerged evidence, and conclude that the LINE-1-encoded reverse transcriptase influences tumorigenesis by shaping the non-coding RNA transcriptomic profile. We hope that this review may shed light on clinical diagnosis and drug development against cancer.
逆转录转座子LINE-1是人类最大的转座子家族，估计有50万个拷贝，占人类基因组的17%。同时，它也是人类唯一的自主转座子。LINE-1编码的逆转录酶是其转座过程所需的关键成分。最近的证据表明，LINE-1编码的逆转录酶参与了包括肿瘤发生在内的许多重要生理和病理过程。抑制LINE-1编码的逆转录酶可抑制肿瘤进展，恢复癌细胞分化并重新编程整体转录谱。在本综述中，我们总结了新出现的证据，并得出结论，LINE-1编码的逆转录酶通过塑造非编码RNA转录组图谱来影响肿瘤发生。我们希望本综述能为癌症的临床诊断和药物开发提供启示。
