Singh Rachana, Parihar Parul, Singh Madhulika, Bajguz Andrzej, Kumar Jitendra, Singh Samiksha, Singh Vijay P, Prasad Sheo M
Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India.
Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of BialystokBialystok, Poland.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Apr 25;8:515. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00515. eCollection 2017.
Cyanobacteria and algae having complex photosynthetic systems can channelize absorbed solar energy into other forms of energy for production of food and metabolites. In addition, they are promising biocatalysts and can be used in the field of "white biotechnology" for enhancing the sustainable production of food, metabolites, and green energy sources such as biodiesel. In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover the significance of various metabolites like phenolics, phytoene/terpenoids, phytols, sterols, free fatty acids, photoprotective compounds (MAAs, scytonemin, carotenoids, polysaccharides, halogenated compounds, etc.), phytohormones, cyanotoxins, biocides (algaecides, herbicides, and insecticides) etc. Apart from this, the importance of these metabolites as antibiotics, immunosuppressant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory agent has also been discussed. Metabolites obtained from cyanobacteria and algae have several biotechnological, industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic uses which have also been discussed in this review along with the emerging technology of their harvesting for enhancing the production of compounds like bioethanol, biofuel etc. at commercial level. In later sections, we have discussed genetically modified organisms and metabolite production from them. We have also briefly discussed the concept of bioprocessing highlighting the functioning of companies engaged in metabolites production as well as their cost effectiveness and challenges that are being addressed by these companies.
具有复杂光合系统的蓝细菌和藻类能够将吸收的太阳能转化为其他形式的能量，用于生产食物和代谢产物。此外，它们还是很有前景的生物催化剂，可用于“白色生物技术”领域，以提高食物、代谢产物和绿色能源（如生物柴油）的可持续产量。在这篇综述中，我们努力揭示各种代谢产物的重要性，如酚类、八氢番茄红素/萜类化合物、叶绿醇、甾醇、游离脂肪酸、光保护化合物（MAAs、鞘丝藻素、类胡萝卜素、多糖、卤代化合物等）、植物激素、蓝藻毒素、杀生物剂（除藻剂、除草剂和杀虫剂）等。除此之外，还讨论了这些代谢产物作为抗生素、免疫抑制剂、抗癌、抗病毒、抗炎剂的重要性。从蓝细菌和藻类中获得的代谢产物具有多种生物技术、工业、制药和化妆品用途，本综述也讨论了这些用途，以及为提高生物乙醇、生物燃料等化合物的商业产量而出现的收获技术。在后面的章节中，我们讨论了转基因生物及其代谢产物的生产。我们还简要讨论了生物加工的概念，强调了从事代谢产物生产的公司的运作情况，以及它们的成本效益和这些公司正在应对的挑战。
