Drew Michael R, Huckleberry Kylie A
Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2017 Jul;14(3):646-661. doi: 10.1007/s13311-017-0528-9.
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) occurs in humans and every other mammalian species examined. Evidence that AHN is stimulated by a variety of treatments and behaviors with anxiolytic properties has sparked interest in harnessing AHN to treat anxiety disorders. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms through which AHN modulates fear and anxiety. In this review, we consider evidence that AHN modulates fear and anxiety by altering the processing of and memory for traumatic experiences. Based on studies of the role of AHN in Pavlovian fear conditioning, we conclude that AHN modulates the consequences of aversive experience by influencing 1) the efficiency of hippocampus-dependent memory acquisition; 2) generalization of hippocampal fear memories; 3) long-term retention of hippocampal aversive memories; and 4) the nonassociative effects of acute aversive experience. The preclinical literature suggests that stimulation of AHN is likely to have therapeutically relevant consequences, including reduced generalization and long-term retention of aversive memories. However, the literature also identifies four caveats that must be addressed if AHN-based therapies are to achieve therapeutic benefits without significant side effects.
成年海马体神经发生（AHN）在人类以及其他所有已研究的哺乳动物物种中都会出现。有证据表明，多种具有抗焦虑特性的治疗方法和行为会刺激AHN，这引发了人们利用AHN治疗焦虑症的兴趣。然而，关于AHN调节恐惧和焦虑的机制，我们了解得相对较少。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了AHN通过改变创伤经历的处理和记忆来调节恐惧和焦虑的证据。基于对AHN在巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射中作用的研究，我们得出结论，AHN通过影响以下方面来调节厌恶经历的后果：1）海马体依赖的记忆获取效率；2）海马体恐惧记忆的泛化；3）海马体厌恶记忆的长期保留；4）急性厌恶经历的非联想效应。临床前文献表明，刺激AHN可能会产生与治疗相关的后果，包括减少厌恶记忆的泛化和长期保留。然而，文献也指出了四个需要注意的问题，如果基于AHN的疗法想要在没有显著副作用的情况下实现治疗效果，就必须解决这些问题。
