Mancini Tiziana, Navas Marisol, López-Rodríguez Lucia, Bottura Benedetta
Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Centro de Estudio de las Migraciones y las relaciones Interculturales (CEMyRI), Almería, Spain.
Int J Psychol. 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 1:71-80. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12432. Epub 2017 May 9.
Several variants of biculturalism have recently been proposed (Schwartz, Birman, Benet-Martínez, & Unger, 2016). Nevertheless, few studies have identified different types of bicultural individuals, and no one has addressed the possibility that these types could depend on acculturation domains. By using the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM), this study aimed to explore if different variants of biculturalism could be individuated, and if some of these variants were sensitive to life domains. Four samples of migrant and host adolescents living in Italy (n = 173 and n = 186) and Spain (n = 139 and n = 156) answered a questionnaire about acculturation perceptions and preferences in central and peripheral life domains. Together with acculturation options consistent with Berry's (1997) model (full-assimilation, full-separation and full-marginalisation), some variants of biculturalism emerged from the latent class analysis: full-high and full-low integration, which were not sensitive to life domains; and "alternate" acculturation options that were sensitive to life domains, with participants switching from their original culture to the host culture according to the peripheral and central domains. Acculturation options varied across the four samples, with Italians switching more from one culture to another, and Spanish adolescents being more full-high or full-low integrated.
最近有人提出了几种双文化主义的变体（施瓦茨、比尔曼、贝内特 - 马丁内斯和昂格尔，2016年）。然而，很少有研究识别出不同类型的双文化个体，也没有人探讨过这些类型可能取决于文化适应领域的可能性。本研究采用相对文化适应扩展模型（RAEM），旨在探究是否可以区分双文化主义的不同变体，以及其中一些变体是否对生活领域敏感。四个来自意大利（n = 173和n = 186）和西班牙（n = 139和n = 156）的移民和本地青少年样本回答了一份关于在核心和外围生活领域的文化适应认知和偏好的问卷。除了与贝里（1997年）模型一致的文化适应选项（完全同化、完全分离和完全边缘化）外，潜在类别分析还出现了一些双文化主义的变体：完全高整合和完全低整合，它们对生活领域不敏感；以及对生活领域敏感的“交替”文化适应选项，参与者会根据外围和核心领域从其原生文化切换到东道国文化。四个样本的文化适应选项各不相同，意大利人在两种文化之间切换得更多，而西班牙青少年则更多地是完全高整合或完全低整合。
