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术前禁食模式的转变:小儿外科共同努力的成果

CHANGING PARADIGMS IN PREOPERATIVE FASTING: RESULTS OF A JOINT EFFORT IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY.

作者信息

Carvalho Carlos Augusto Leite de Barros, Carvalho Augusto Aurélio de, Nogueira Paulo Luiz Batista, Aguilar-Nascimento José Eduardo de

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine, University Center of Varzea Grande, Várzea Grande, MT, Brazil.

Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Cuiabá Hospital.

出版信息

Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2017 Jan-Mar;30(1):7-10. doi: 10.1590/0102-6720201700010003.

DOI:10.1590/0102-6720201700010003
PMID:28489159
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5424677/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

: Current researches associate long fasting periods to several adverse consequences. The fasting abbreviation to 2 h to clear liquids associated with the use of drinks containing carbohydrates attenuates endocrinometabolic response to surgical trauma, but often is observed children advised to not intake food from 00:00 h till the scheduled surgical time, regardless of what it is.

AIM

: To evaluate the safety of a protocol of preoperative fasting abbreviation with a beverage containing carbohydrates, and early postoperative feeding in children underwent elective small/mid-size surgical procedures during a national task-force on pediatric surgery.

METHODS

: Thirty-six patients were prospectively included, and for several reasons five were excluded. All 31 who remained in the study received a nutritional supplement containing 150 ml of water plus 12.5% maltodextrin 2 h before the procedure. Data of the pre-operative fasting time, anesthetic complications and time of postoperative refeeding, were collected.

RESULTS

: Twenty-three (74.2%) were males, the median age was 5 y, and the median weight was 20 kg. The median time of pre-operative fasting was 145 min and the time of post-operative refeeding was 135 min. There were no adverse effects on the anesthetic procedures or during surgery. Post-operatively, two children (6.5%) vomited.

CONCLUSION

: The abbreviation of pre-operative fasting to 2 h with beverage containing carbohydrate in pediatric surgery is safe. Early refeeding in elective small/mid-size procedures can be prescribed.

RACIONAL

: Trabalhos atuais associam longos períodos de jejum com diversas consequências adversas. A abreviação do jejum de 2 h para líquidos claros associado ao uso de bebidas contendo carboidratos atenua resposta endocrinometabólica ao trauma, porém frequentemente as crianças são orientadas a não ingerir alimentos a partir das 00:00 h do dia anterior à operação, independente do horário do procedimento cirúrgico.

OBJETIVO

: Avaliar a segurança de um protocolo de abreviação do jejum pré-operatório, com o uso de bebida contendo carboidratos, e realimentação precoce.

MÉTODOS:: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 36 crianças submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos de pequeno e médio porte. Cinco foram posteriormente excluídos do estudo. Todos os 31 remanescentes receberam suplemento nutricional com maltodextrina 12,5% em 150 ml de água aproximadamente 2 h antes do procedimento. Foram coletados dados do tempo de jejum pré-operatório, complicações anestésicas e tempo de realimentação.

RESULTADOS

: Vinte e três (74,2%) eram do gênero masculino, com idade mediana de cinco anos e peso mediano de 20 kg. O tempo mediano de jejum pré-operatório foi de 145 min e o tempo mediano para realimentação foi de 135 min. Não houve eventos adversos durante a anestesia ou operação. No período pós-operatório, duas (6,5%) crianças vomitaram.

CONCLUSÃO:: A abreviação de jejum pré-operatório para 2 h com uso de bebida contendo carboidratos, em operações eletivas de crianças, é seguro e não está associado ao maior risco de broncoaspiração pulmonar. Realimentação precoce pode ser prescrita nos procedimentos cirúrgicos analisados.

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/339c/5424677/b03a735adef4/0102-6720-abcd-30-01-00007-gf2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/339c/5424677/e2d95c734fd6/0102-6720-abcd-30-01-00007-gf1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/339c/5424677/b03a735adef4/0102-6720-abcd-30-01-00007-gf2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/339c/5424677/e2d95c734fd6/0102-6720-abcd-30-01-00007-gf1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/339c/5424677/b03a735adef4/0102-6720-abcd-30-01-00007-gf2.jpg
摘要

背景

当前研究将长时间禁食与多种不良后果联系起来。将禁食时间缩短至2小时并允许饮用含碳水化合物的清液,可减轻手术创伤引起的内分泌代谢反应,但经常可以看到,无论手术时间如何安排,儿童从00:00起就被建议不要进食。

目的

在一项全国性小儿外科特别行动中,评估采用含碳水化合物饮料缩短术前禁食时间及术后早期进食方案在接受择期中小型外科手术儿童中的安全性。

方法

前瞻性纳入36例患者,因多种原因排除5例。其余31例研究对象在手术前2小时均接受了一种营养补充剂,其中含有150毫升水加12.5%的麦芽糊精。收集术前禁食时间、麻醉并发症及术后进食时间的数据。

结果

23例(74.2%)为男性,中位年龄为5岁,中位体重为20千克。术前禁食的中位时间为145分钟,术后进食时间为135分钟。麻醉过程或手术期间未出现不良反应。术后,2例儿童(6.5%)呕吐。

结论

小儿外科手术中,采用含碳水化合物饮料将术前禁食时间缩短至2小时是安全的。对于择期中小型手术,可以安排早期进食。

理论依据

当前研究将长时间禁食与多种不良后果联系起来。将禁食时间缩短至2小时并允许饮用含碳水化合物的清液,可减轻手术创伤引起的内分泌代谢反应,但经常可以看到,无论手术时间如何安排,儿童从00:00起就被建议不要进食。

目的

评估采用含碳水化合物饮料缩短术前禁食时间及术后早期进食方案的安全性。

方法

前瞻性评估36例接受择期中小型外科手术的儿童。5例随后被排除在研究之外。其余31例在手术前约2小时均接受了含12.5%麦芽糊精的150毫升水的营养补充剂。收集术前禁食时间、麻醉并发症及进食时间的数据。

结果

23例(74.2%)为男性,中位年龄为5岁,中位体重为20千克。术前禁食的中位时间为145分钟,术后进食时间为135分钟。麻醉或手术期间未发生不良事件。术后,2例(6.5%)儿童呕吐。

结论

小儿择期手术中,采用含碳水化合物饮料将术前禁食时间缩短至2小时是安全的,且与较高的肺误吸风险无关。在所分析的外科手术中可安排早期进食。

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