Hokkaido University, Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2017 May 10;7(1):1694. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01768-3.
Sturgeons (Acipenseriformes) are among the most endangered species in the world due to fragmentation and destruction of their natural habitats and to overexploitation, mainly for highly priced caviar. This has led to the development of sturgeon culture, originally for reintroduction, but more recently for caviar production. In both cases, accurate species identification is essential. We report a new tool for accurate identification of Huso huso and Acipenser ruthenus based on nuclear DNA markers. We employed ddRAD sequencing to identify species-specific nucleotide variants, which served as specific binding sites for diagnostic primers. The primers allowed identification of Huso huso and Acipenser ruthenus as well as their discrimination from A. baerii, A. schrenckii, A. gueldenstaedtii, A. stellatus, A. persicus, A. mikadoi, A. transmontanus, and H. dauricus and identification of A. ruthenus and H. huso hybrids with these species, except hybrid between A. ruthenus and A. stellatus. The species-specific primers also allowed identification of bester (H. huso × A. ruthenus), the most commercially exploited sturgeon hybrid. The tool, based on simple PCR and gel electrophoresis, is rapid, inexpensive, and reproducible. It will contribute to conservation of remaining wild populations of A. ruthenus and H. huso, as well as to traceability of their products.
鲟鱼（鲟形目）由于其自然栖息地的破碎和破坏以及过度捕捞，主要是为了获取高价的鱼子酱，而成为世界上最濒危的物种之一。这导致了鲟鱼养殖的发展，最初是为了再引进，但最近更多的是为了生产鱼子酱。在这两种情况下，准确的物种鉴定都是必不可少的。我们报告了一种基于核 DNA 标记的准确鉴定 Huso huso 和 Acipenser ruthenus 的新工具。我们采用 ddRAD 测序来识别物种特异性的核苷酸变异，这些变异作为诊断引物的特异性结合位点。这些引物可以鉴定 Huso huso 和 Acipenser ruthenus，以及它们与 A. baerii、A. schrenckii、A. gueldenstaedtii、A. stellatus、A. persicus、A. mikadoi、A. transmontanus 和 H. dauricus 的区分，以及 A. ruthenus 和 H. huso 与这些物种的杂交种的区分，除了 A. ruthenus 和 A. stellatus 之间的杂交种。这些物种特异性引物还可以鉴定 bester（H. huso×A. ruthenus），这是最具商业开发价值的鲟鱼杂交种。该工具基于简单的 PCR 和凝胶电泳，快速、廉价且可重复。它将有助于保护剩余的野生 A. ruthenus 和 H. huso 种群，并有助于追踪其产品的来源。
