Degradation mechanisms of silver nanowire electrodes under ultraviolet irradiation and heat treatment.

We report the degradation mechanisms of the silver nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes that play a significantly important role in the stability of wearable and flexible devices. The degradation mechanisms behind the increase in the sheet resistances of Ag NW electrodes were clarified by investigating the variations in the structure and the chemical composition of the Ag NW electrodes caused by ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment. While the shapes of the Ag NWs were affected by melting during the thermal degradation process, the chemical composition of the polyvinylpyrrolidone protective layer on the surfaces of the Ag NWs was not changed. Ultraviolet irradiation deformed the shapes of the Ag NWs because nitrogen or oxygen atoms were introduced to the silver atoms on the surfaces of the Ag NWs. A graphene-oxide flake was coated on the Ag NW electrodes by using a simple dipping method to prevent ultraviolet irradiation and ozone contact with the surfaces of the Ag NWs, and the increase in the sheet resistance in the graphene-oxide-treated Ag NWs was suppressed. These observations will be of assistance to researchers trying to find novel ways to improve the stability of the Ag NW electrodes in next-generation wearable devices.